Tanja C Adam1, Mathijs Drummen2, Ian Macdonald3,4, Elli Jalo5, Pia Siig-Vestentoft6, J Alfredo Martinez7,8,9,10, Teodora Handjiev-Darlenska11, Jennie Brand-Miller12, Sally Poppitt13, Gareth Stratton14, Mikael Fogelholm5, Kirsi H Pietiläinen15,16, Moira Taylor3,4, Santiago Navas-Carretero7,8,9, Bjorn Winkens17, Svetoslav Handjiev11, Roslyn Muirhead12, Marta Silvestre13,18, Nils Swindell14, Maija Huttunen-Lenz19,20, Wolfgang Schlicht19, Tony Lam21, Jouko Sundvall22, Laura Råman22, Edith Feskens23, Thomas-Meinert Larssen6, Angelo Tremblay24, Anne Raben6,25, Margriet Westerterp-Plantenga2. 1. Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands t.adam@maastrichtuniversity.nl. 2. Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands. 3. Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK (ARUK) Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, ARUK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K. 4. National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, U.K. 5. Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 6. Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. 7. Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. 8. Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Area de Fisiologia de la Obesidad y la Nutricion, Madrid, Spain. 9. IdisNA Instituto for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain. 10. Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health Program, IMDEA Food Institute, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies, Campus of International Excellence Universidad Autonoma de Madrid and Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain. 11. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria. 12. School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. 13. Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. 14. Applied Sports Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, U.K. 15. Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 16. Obesity Center, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 17. Department of Methodology and Statistics, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands. 18. Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal. 19. Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany. 20. Institute of Nursing Science, University of Education Schwäbisch Gmünd, Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany. 21. NetUnion, Lausanne, Switzerland. 22. Biochemistry Laboratory, Forensic Toxicology Unit, Department of Government Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. 23. Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands. 24. Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada. 25. Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Stress, sleep, eating behavior, and physical activity are associated with weight change and insulin resistance (IR). The aim of this analysis was the assessment of the overall and sex-specific associations of psychobehavioral variables throughout the 3-year PREVIEW intervention using the homeostatic model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR), BMI, and length of time in the study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Associations of psychobehavioral variables, including stress, mood, eating behavior, physical activity (PA), and sleep, with BMI, HOMA-IR, and time spent in the study were assessed in 2,184 participants with prediabetes and overweight/obesity (n = 706 men; n = 1,478 women) during a 3-year lifestyle intervention using linear mixed modeling and general linear modeling. The study was a randomized multicenter trial using a 2 × 2 diet-by-PA design. RESULTS: Overall, cognitive restraint and PA increased during the intervention compared with baseline, whereas BMI, HOMA-IR, disinhibition, hunger, and sleepiness decreased (all P < 0.05). Cognitive restraint and PA were negatively, whereas disinhibition, hunger, stress, and total mood disturbance were positively, associated with both BMI and HOMA-IR. Sleep duration, low sleep quality, total mood disturbance, disinhibition, and hunger scores were positively associated with HOMA-IR for men only. Participants who dropped out at 6 months had higher stress and total mood disturbance scores at baseline and throughout their time spent in the study compared with study completers. CONCLUSIONS: Eating behavior and PA, control of stress, mood disturbance, and sleep characteristics were associated with BMI, HOMA-IR, and time spent in the study, with different effects in men and women during the PREVIEW lifestyle intervention study.
OBJECTIVE: Stress, sleep, eating behavior, and physical activity are associated with weight change and insulin resistance (IR). The aim of this analysis was the assessment of the overall and sex-specific associations of psychobehavioral variables throughout the 3-year PREVIEW intervention using the homeostatic model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR), BMI, and length of time in the study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Associations of psychobehavioral variables, including stress, mood, eating behavior, physical activity (PA), and sleep, with BMI, HOMA-IR, and time spent in the study were assessed in 2,184 participants with prediabetes and overweight/obesity (n = 706 men; n = 1,478 women) during a 3-year lifestyle intervention using linear mixed modeling and general linear modeling. The study was a randomized multicenter trial using a 2 × 2 diet-by-PA design. RESULTS: Overall, cognitive restraint and PA increased during the intervention compared with baseline, whereas BMI, HOMA-IR, disinhibition, hunger, and sleepiness decreased (all P < 0.05). Cognitive restraint and PA were negatively, whereas disinhibition, hunger, stress, and total mood disturbance were positively, associated with both BMI and HOMA-IR. Sleep duration, low sleep quality, total mood disturbance, disinhibition, and hunger scores were positively associated with HOMA-IR for men only. Participants who dropped out at 6 months had higher stress and total mood disturbance scores at baseline and throughout their time spent in the study compared with study completers. CONCLUSIONS: Eating behavior and PA, control of stress, mood disturbance, and sleep characteristics were associated with BMI, HOMA-IR, and time spent in the study, with different effects in men and women during the PREVIEW lifestyle intervention study.