Sequencing and comparative genome analysis of three Indians.

Remarkable advancement in DNA sequencing (NGS) technology has made personal genome analysis feasible and affordable. Here we present the whole genome sequencing and analysis of three individuals, two males and one female, from different parts of India. Comparison with the Reference Human Genome and the variant database showed a total of 4.0-4.85 million variants, primarily single nucleotide variants (SNVs), 350-600 K small insertions and deletions (INDELs), and previously unreported novel variants. The analysis of Y-chromosome and mitochondrial haplogroups revealed that the ancestors of the individual arrived on the subcontinent at very different times using distinctly different migration routes. Approximately, 500,000 novel SNPs and about 89,000 novel INDELs have been submitted to the NCBI as novel variants. PCA and Admix analysis revealed that the IHGP03, a Mizoram male from the Northeast region, is strikingly different from the other two Indian genomes. Collectively, the data suggest the complexity of the Indian population admix developed from several distinct waves of human migration over tens of thousands of years.