Literature DB >> 34086000

Prevalence of High-Grade Anal Dysplasia and Anal Cancer in Veterans Living With HIV and CD4/CD8 Ratio as a Marker For Increased Risk: A Regional Retrospective Cohort Study.

Cristina B Sanger1,2, Yiwei Xu1, Evie Carchman1, Elise H Lawson1, Charles P Heise1, Rob Striker2,3, Corrine I Voils1,2.   

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The Department of Veterans Affairs cares for the largest population of patients with HIV of any healthcare system in the United States. Screening for anal dysplasia/cancer is recommended for all veterans with HIV. Exams are invasive, burdensome, and resource intensive. We currently lack markers of disease to tailor screening.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence of advanced anal disease (high-grade dysplasia and anal cancer) and to determine whether CD4/CD8 ratio correlates with risk.
DESIGN: This was a retrospective regional cohort study of veterans with HIV. SETTINGS: The study was conducted at eight medical centers between 2001 and 2019. PATIENTS: Patients with advanced disease were compared with patients with nonadvanced anal pathology. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Logistic regression modeling was used to estimate adjusted odds of disease as a function of CD4/CD8. Lowest (nadir) CD4/CD8 and nearest CD4/CD8 ratio in each cohort were evaluated.
RESULTS: A total of 2267 veterans were included. Fifteen percent had anal pathology (112 with advanced disease (37 cancer and 75 high-grade), 222 with nonadvanced disease). Nadir and nearest ratio were lower in patients with advanced disease versus nonadvanced (0.24 vs 0.45 (p < 0.001) and 0.50 vs 0.88 (p < 0.001)). In adjusted models, a 1-unit increase in nadir or nearest ratio conferred decreased risk of advanced disease (OR = 0.19 (95% CI, 0.07-0.53); p < 0.001; OR = 0.22 (95% CI, 0.12-0.43); p < 0.001). Using a minimum sensitivity analysis, a cutoff nadir ratio of 0.42 or nearest ratio of 0.76 could be used to risk stratify. LIMITATIONS: This was a retrospective analysis with a low screening rate.
CONCLUSIONS: In a regional cohort of veterans with HIV, 15% were formally assessed for anal dysplasia. Advanced anal disease was present in 33% of those screened, 5% of the HIV-positive population. A strong predictor of advanced disease in this cohort is the CD4/CD8 ratio, which is a promising marker to stratify screening practices. Risk stratification using CD4/CD8 has the potential to decrease burdensome invasive examinations for low-risk patients and to intensify examinations for those at high risk. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B528. PREVALENCIA DE DISPLASIA ANAL DE ALTO GRADO Y CNCER ANAL EN VETERANOS QUE VIVEN CON EL VIH Y LA RELACIN CD / CD COMO MARCADOR DE MAYOR RIESGO UN ESTUDIO DE COHORTE REGIONAL RETROSPECTIVE: ANTECEDENTES:El Departamento de Asuntos de Veteranos atiende a la población más grande de pacientes con el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) de cualquier sistema de salud en los Estados Unidos. Se recomienda la detección de displasia / cáncer anal para todos los veteranos con VIH. Los exámenes son invasivos, onerosos y requieren muchos recursos. Actualmente carecemos de marcadores de enfermedad para adaptar la detección.OBJETIVO:Establecer la prevalencia de enfermedad anal avanzada (displasia de alto grado y cáncer anal) y determinar si la relación CD4 / CD8 se correlaciona con el riesgo.DISEÑO:Estudio de cohorte regional retrospectivo de veteranos con VIH.AJUSTE:Ocho centros médicos entre 2001-2019.PACIENTES:Se comparó a pacientes con enfermedad avanzada con pacientes con patología anal no avanzada.PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE RESULTADO:Se utilizó un modelo de regresión logística para estimar las probabilidades ajustadas de enfermedad en función de CD4 / CD8. Se evaluó la relación CD4 / CD8 más baja (nadir) y la relación CD4 / CD8 más cercana en cada cohorte.RESULTADOS:Se incluyeron un total de 2267 veteranos. El 15% tenía patología anal (112 enfermedad avanzada (37 cáncer, 75 de alto grado), 222 enfermedad no avanzada). El nadir y el cociente más cercano fueron menores en los pacientes con enfermedad avanzada frente a los no avanzados (0,24 frente a 0,45 (p <0,001) y 0,50 frente a 0,88 (p <0,001)), respectivamente. En modelos ajustados, el aumento de una unidad en el nadir o el cociente más cercano confirió una disminución del riesgo de enfermedad avanzada (OR 0,19 (IC del 95%: 0,07, 0,53, p <0,001)) y (OR 0,22 (IC del 95%: 0,12, 0,43, p <0,001))), respectivamente. Utilizando un análisis de sensibilidad mínima, se podría utilizar un cociente del nadir de corte de 0,42 o el cociente más cercano de 0,76 para estratificar el riesgo.LIMITACIONES:Análisis retrospectivo con una tasa de detección baja.CONCLUSIONES:En una cohorte regional de veteranos con VIH, el 15% fueron evaluados formalmente por displasia anal. La enfermedad anal avanzada estuvo presente en el 33% de los examinados, el 5% de la población VIH +. Un fuerte predictor de enfermedad avanzada en esta cohorte es la relación CD4 / CD8, que es un marcador prometedor para estratificar las prácticas de detección. La estratificación del riesgo usando CD4 / CD8 tiene el potencial de disminuir los exámenes invasivos onerosos para los pacientes de bajo riesgo e intensificar los exámenes para los de alto riesgo. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B528.

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Year:  2021        PMID: 34086000      PMCID: PMC8186795          DOI: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000002009

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Dis Colon Rectum        ISSN: 0012-3706            Impact factor:   4.412


  29 in total

Review 1.  Anal Cytology: Institutional Statistics, Correlation With Histology, and Development of Multidisciplinary Screening Program With Review of the Current Literature.

Authors:  Elizabeth G Morency; Tracey Harbert; Nazneen Fatima; Julia Samolcyzk; Kruti P Maniar; Ritu Nayar
Journal:  Arch Pathol Lab Med       Date:  2018-04-13       Impact factor: 5.534

2.  Description of a pilot anal pap smear screening program among individuals attending a Veteran's Affairs HIV clinic.

Authors:  Isabella Rosa-Cunha; Vincent A Degennaro; Rene Hartmann; Clara Milikowski; Andres Irizarry; Brenda Heitman; Orlando Gómez-Marín; Gordon M Dickinson
Journal:  AIDS Patient Care STDS       Date:  2011-03-02       Impact factor: 5.078

3.  Long-term outcome of ablation of anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions: recurrence and incidence of cancer.

Authors:  Stephen E Goldstone; Andrew A Johnstone; Erin L Moshier
Journal:  Dis Colon Rectum       Date:  2014-03       Impact factor: 4.585

4.  Prevalence of abnormal anal cytology in women infected with HIV.

Authors:  Eunice Beatriz Martin Chaves; Heloísa Folgierini; Edison Capp; Helena von Eye Corleta
Journal:  J Med Virol       Date:  2012-09       Impact factor: 2.327

5.  Natural history and clinical management of anal human papillomavirus disease in men and women infected with human immunodeficiency virus.

Authors:  Peter V Chin-Hong; Joel M Palefsky
Journal:  Clin Infect Dis       Date:  2002-10-14       Impact factor: 9.079

Review 6.  Carcinoma of the anal canal.

Authors:  D P Ryan; C C Compton; R J Mayer
Journal:  N Engl J Med       Date:  2000-03-16       Impact factor: 91.245

7.  Anal intraepithelial neoplasia in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era among HIV-positive men who have sex with men.

Authors:  Joel M Palefsky; Elizabeth A Holly; Jimmy T Efirdc; Maria Da Costa; Naomi Jay; J Michael Berry; Teresa M Darragh
Journal:  AIDS       Date:  2005-09-02       Impact factor: 4.177

8.  Accuracy of Anal Cytology for Diagnostic of Precursor Lesions of Anal Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Authors:  João Carlos N Gonçalves; Ana C L Macedo; Kristian Madeira; Daniela Vicente Bavaresco; Eduardo Ronconi Dondossola; Antônio José Grande; Maria Inês da Rosa
Journal:  Dis Colon Rectum       Date:  2019-01       Impact factor: 4.585

9.  Expectant management surveillance for patients at risk for invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the anus: a large US healthcare system experience.

Authors:  Marco J Tomassi; Maher A Abbas; Daniel D Klaristenfeld
Journal:  Int J Colorectal Dis       Date:  2018-09-22       Impact factor: 2.571

Review 10.  Imbalance in the game of T cells: What can the CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio tell us about HIV and health?

Authors:  Joseph A McBride; Rob Striker
Journal:  PLoS Pathog       Date:  2017-11-02       Impact factor: 6.823

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  1 in total

Review 1.  Update on the Epidemiological Features and Clinical Implications of Human Papillomavirus Infection (HPV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Coinfection.

Authors:  Alexandre Pérez-González; Edward Cachay; Antonio Ocampo; Eva Poveda
Journal:  Microorganisms       Date:  2022-05-18
  1 in total

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