PSA Depletion Induces the Differentiation of Immature Neurons in the Piriform Cortex of Adult Mice.

Immature neurons are maintained in cortical regions of the adult mammalian brain. In rodents, many of these immature neurons can be identified in the piriform cortex based on their high expression of early neuronal markers, such as doublecortin (DCX) and the polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM). This molecule plays critical roles in different neurodevelopmental events. Taking advantage of a DCX-CreERT2/Flox-EGFP reporter mice, we investigated the impact of targeted PSA enzymatic depletion in the piriform cortex on the fate of immature neurons. We report here that the removal of PSA accelerated the final development of immature neurons. This was revealed by a higher frequency of NeuN expression, an increase in the number of cells carrying an axon initial segment (AIS), and an increase in the number of dendrites and dendritic spines on the immature neurons. Taken together, our results demonstrated the crucial role of the PSA moiety in the protracted development of immature neurons residing outside of the neurogenic niches. More studies will be required to understand the intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting PSA-NCAM expression to understand how the brain regulates the incorporation of these immature neurons to the established neuronal circuits of the adult brain.