Ruhaya Salleh1, Shubash Shander Ganapathy2, Norazizah Ibrahim Wong3, Siew Man Cheong2, Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad2, Lalitha Palaniveloo2, Fatimah Othman4, Azli Baharudin2, Megat Rusydi Megat Radzi2, Rusidah Selamat5, Nur Shahida Abd Aziz2, Rashidah Ambak2, Tahir Aris6. 1. Center for Nutrition and Epidemiology Research, Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13, 41070, Shah Alam, Malaysia. ruhaya.s@moh.gov.my. 2. Center for Nutrition and Epidemiology Research, Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13, 41070, Shah Alam, Malaysia. 3. Sector of Biostatistics and Data Repository, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 41070 Shah Alam, Malaysia. 4. Dietetic and Food Service Department, Hospital Sultanah Aminah, 80100, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. 5. Nutrition Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Federal Government Administrative Centre, 62590 Putrajaya, Malaysia. 6. Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, No 1, Jalan Setia Murni, U13/52, Seksyen U13, Setia Alam, 40170, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that having away from home meals contributes to high sodium intake among young people and those who lived in urban areas. This study aimed to determine the association between dietary sodium intake, body mass index, and away from home meal consumption behaviour among Malaysian adults. METHODS: MyCoSS was a cross-sectional household survey involving 1440 adults age 18 years and above. This study utilized stratified cluster sampling to obtain a nationally representative sample. Data was collected between October 2017 and March 2018. Socio-demographic information, dietary assessment using food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and away from home meal consumption were assessed through a face-to-face interview by trained health personnel. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression were applied to identify the association of socioeconomic status and away from home meal consumption with dietary sodium intake. RESULTS: A total of 1032 participants completed the FFQ, with a mean age of 48.8 + 15.6 years. Based on the FFQ, slightly over half of the participants (52.1%) had high sodium intake. Results showed that 43.6% of participants consumed at least one to two away from home meals per day, while 20.8% of them had their three main meals away from home. Participants aged less than 30 years old were the strongest predictor to consume more sodium (adjusted OR: 3.83; 95%CI: 2.23, 6.58) while those of Indian ethnicity had significantly lower sodium intake. Surprisingly, having three away from home meals per day was not associated with high dietary sodium intake, although a significant association (crude OR; 1.67, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.35) was found in the simple logistic regression. Obese participants were less likely to have high dietary sodium intake compared with the normal BMI participants in the final model. CONCLUSION: Over half of the participants consumed sodium more than the recommended daily intake, especially those who consumed three away from home meals. However, there was no significant association between high sodium intake and having three away from home meals per day. The promotion of healthy cooking methods among the public must continue to be emphasized to reduce the dietary sodium intake among Malaysian adults.
BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that having away from home meals contributes to high sodium intake among young people and those who lived in urban areas. This study aimed to determine the association between dietary sodium intake, body mass index, and away from home meal consumption behaviour among Malaysian adults. METHODS: MyCoSS was a cross-sectional household survey involving 1440 adults age 18 years and above. This study utilized stratified cluster sampling to obtain a nationally representative sample. Data was collected between October 2017 and March 2018. Socio-demographic information, dietary assessment using food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and away from home meal consumption were assessed through a face-to-face interview by trained health personnel. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression were applied to identify the association of socioeconomic status and away from home meal consumption with dietary sodium intake. RESULTS: A total of 1032 participants completed the FFQ, with a mean age of 48.8 + 15.6 years. Based on the FFQ, slightly over half of the participants (52.1%) had high sodium intake. Results showed that 43.6% of participants consumed at least one to two away from home meals per day, while 20.8% of them had their three main meals away from home. Participants aged less than 30 years old were the strongest predictor to consume more sodium (adjusted OR: 3.83; 95%CI: 2.23, 6.58) while those of Indian ethnicity had significantly lower sodium intake. Surprisingly, having three away from home meals per day was not associated with high dietary sodium intake, although a significant association (crude OR; 1.67, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.35) was found in the simple logistic regression. Obeseparticipants were less likely to have high dietary sodium intake compared with the normal BMI participants in the final model. CONCLUSION: Over half of the participants consumed sodium more than the recommended daily intake, especially those who consumed three away from home meals. However, there was no significant association between high sodium intake and having three away from home meals per day. The promotion of healthy cooking methods among the public must continue to be emphasized to reduce the dietary sodium intake among Malaysian adults.
Entities:
Keywords:
Adults; Eating away from home; Food frequency questionnaire; Malaysia; Sodium
Authors: Carlos de Mestral; Ana-Lucia Mayén; Dusan Petrovic; Pedro Marques-Vidal; Murielle Bochud; Silvia Stringhini Journal: Am J Public Health Date: 2017-02-16 Impact factor: 9.308
Authors: Maira Bes-Rastrollo; Francisco Javier Basterra-Gortari; Almudena Sánchez-Villegas; Amelia Marti; José Alfredo Martínez; Miguel Angel Martínez-González Journal: Public Health Nutr Date: 2009-12-03 Impact factor: 4.022