Robert U Newton1, Georgios Mavropalias2, Maren S Fragala3, William J Kraemer4, Keijo Häkkinen5, Dennis R Taaffe2, Nigel Spry6, David Joseph6, Daniel A Galvão2. 1. Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia. Electronic address: r.newton@ecu.edu.au. 2. Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia. 3. Quest Diagnostics, Secaucus, USA. 4. Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA. 5. Neuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland. 6. School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) contributes to lean mass loss and adiposity increases in prostate cancer patients. Radiotherapy during ADT might act synergistically and further worsen body composition. Previous investigations have shown that resistance training is an effective method of preserving body composition during ADT, however, most have not accounted for direct or indirect effects of other therapies, such as radiotherapy. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine training adaptations of the tissue composition in patients receiving radiation therapy (RT) prior or during ADT. METHODS: Analyses were performed by combining data from two previous trials for a total of 131 prostate cancer patients who underwent a combination ofresistance and aerobic exercise training (N = 70, age: 68.9 ± 6.6y, RT-before: 13%, RT-during: 14%) or usual care (N = 61, age: 67.5 ± 7.9y, RT-before: 16%, RT-during: 20%) for 3 months upon ADT onset. Whole-body lean mass (LM), fat percentage and appendicular LM were determined by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and lower-leg muscle area and density by peripheral computed tomography at baseline (onset of ADT) and at 3 months post-intervention. Covariates included RT prior and during the intervention, demographic characteristics, physical symptoms, and chronic conditions. RESULTS:Radiotherapy before or during the intervention did not affect body composition. Only the usual care group experienced a significant decrease in whole-body LM (-994 ± 150 g, P < 0.001) and appendicular LM (-126 ± 19 g, P < 0.001), and an increase in whole-body fat percentage (1% ± 0.1%, P < 0.001). There was no change in lower-leg muscle area or density in either group. CONCLUSION: We suggest that radiation prior to and during ADT does not interfere with the beneficial effects of exercise training on body composition in men with prostate cancer.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) contributes to lean mass loss and adiposity increases in prostate cancerpatients. Radiotherapy during ADT might act synergistically and further worsen body composition. Previous investigations have shown that resistance training is an effective method of preserving body composition during ADT, however, most have not accounted for direct or indirect effects of other therapies, such as radiotherapy. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine training adaptations of the tissue composition in patients receiving radiation therapy (RT) prior or during ADT. METHODS: Analyses were performed by combining data from two previous trials for a total of 131 prostate cancerpatients who underwent a combination of resistance and aerobic exercise training (N = 70, age: 68.9 ± 6.6y, RT-before: 13%, RT-during: 14%) or usual care (N = 61, age: 67.5 ± 7.9y, RT-before: 16%, RT-during: 20%) for 3 months upon ADT onset. Whole-body lean mass (LM), fat percentage and appendicular LM were determined by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and lower-leg muscle area and density by peripheral computed tomography at baseline (onset of ADT) and at 3 months post-intervention. Covariates included RT prior and during the intervention, demographic characteristics, physical symptoms, and chronic conditions. RESULTS: Radiotherapy before or during the intervention did not affect body composition. Only the usual care group experienced a significant decrease in whole-body LM (-994 ± 150 g, P < 0.001) and appendicular LM (-126 ± 19 g, P < 0.001), and an increase in whole-body fat percentage (1% ± 0.1%, P < 0.001). There was no change in lower-leg muscle area or density in either group. CONCLUSION: We suggest that radiation prior to and during ADT does not interfere with the beneficial effects of exercise training on body composition in men with prostate cancer.
Authors: Georgios Mavropalias; Marc Sim; Dennis R Taaffe; Daniel A Galvão; Nigel Spry; William J Kraemer; Keijo Häkkinen; Robert U Newton Journal: J Cancer Res Clin Oncol Date: 2022-01-27 Impact factor: 4.322