Aixin Li1, Wenjiao Zhu2, Jiming Yin3, Xiaojie Huang1, Lijun Sun1, Wei Hua1, Wen Wang1, Tong Zhang1, Lili Dai4, Hao Wu5. 1. Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China. 2. Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China. 3. Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China. 4. Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China. lilydaier@ccmu.edu.cn. 5. Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China. whdoc@ccmu.edu.cn.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cryptococcal Meningitis (CM) is a common opportunistic infection in the late stage of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Despite the wide use of effective antiretroviral and antifungal therapy in AIDS patients, CM is still a major morbidity and mortality cause. Understanding the immune response in cryptococcal infection may help to improve the treatment strategies. METHODS: We established a prospective cohort of twelve AIDS patients with CM (HIV + CM+) admitted to the hospital from 2019 to 2020. All patients were examined at the baseline, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks thereafter. The level of 19 cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were recorded to analyze the characteristics and dynamic changes of Th1/Th2 immune response. Meanwhile, six AIDS patients without CM (HIV + CM-) and seventeen healthy subjects (HIV-CM-) were included as control groups for CSF assessment. RESULTS: The HIV+ CM+ group had higher CSF IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 (P40), IL-15, IL-18, CCL2 levels but lower IL-4 when compared with the HIV-CM- group at baseline. And they also had a higher level of IL-12 (P40) and IL-17A compared with HIV + CM- patients. Except one patient dropped out of the study, eleven HIV + CM+ patients received induction antifungal therapy and regular CSF testing, and the mortality rate was 9.1% (1/11) and 18.2% (2/11) respectively at week 2 and week 4. Compared with baseline CSF cytokines, IL-2, IL-13, IL-17A, and VEGF-A decreased in week 2, and the VEGF-A levels further decreased in week 4. But there was no difference in the levels of all cytokines between survivors and the dead. CONCLUSION: No evidence of Th1/Th2 imbalance was found in AIDS patients with CM. However, the CSF cytokine network may provide new clues for the treatment of AIDS patients with CM. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was prospectively registered in 2019.7.16. The registered number is ChiCTR1900024565 .
BACKGROUND:Cryptococcal Meningitis (CM) is a common opportunistic infection in the late stage of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Despite the wide use of effective antiretroviral and antifungal therapy in AIDSpatients, CM is still a major morbidity and mortality cause. Understanding the immune response in cryptococcal infection may help to improve the treatment strategies. METHODS: We established a prospective cohort of twelve AIDSpatients with CM (HIV + CM+) admitted to the hospital from 2019 to 2020. All patients were examined at the baseline, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks thereafter. The level of 19 cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were recorded to analyze the characteristics and dynamic changes of Th1/Th2 immune response. Meanwhile, six AIDSpatients without CM (HIV + CM-) and seventeen healthy subjects (HIV-CM-) were included as control groups for CSF assessment. RESULTS: The HIV+ CM+ group had higher CSF IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 (P40), IL-15, IL-18, CCL2 levels but lower IL-4 when compared with the HIV-CM- group at baseline. And they also had a higher level of IL-12 (P40) and IL-17A compared with HIV + CM- patients. Except one patient dropped out of the study, eleven HIV + CM+ patients received induction antifungal therapy and regular CSF testing, and the mortality rate was 9.1% (1/11) and 18.2% (2/11) respectively at week 2 and week 4. Compared with baseline CSF cytokines, IL-2, IL-13, IL-17A, and VEGF-A decreased in week 2, and the VEGF-A levels further decreased in week 4. But there was no difference in the levels of all cytokines between survivors and the dead. CONCLUSION: No evidence of Th1/Th2 imbalance was found in AIDSpatients with CM. However, the CSF cytokine network may provide new clues for the treatment of AIDSpatients with CM. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was prospectively registered in 2019.7.16. The registered number is ChiCTR1900024565 .
Authors: Radha Rajasingham; Rachel M Smith; Benjamin J Park; Joseph N Jarvis; Nelesh P Govender; Tom M Chiller; David W Denning; Angela Loyse; David R Boulware Journal: Lancet Infect Dis Date: 2017-05-05 Impact factor: 25.071
Authors: Peter R Williamson; Joseph N Jarvis; Anil A Panackal; Matthew C Fisher; Síle F Molloy; Angela Loyse; Thomas S Harrison Journal: Nat Rev Neurol Date: 2016-11-25 Impact factor: 42.937
Authors: Karen L Wozniak; Sailatha Ravi; Sandra Macias; Mattie L Young; Michal A Olszewski; Chad Steele; Floyd L Wormley Journal: PLoS One Date: 2009-09-03 Impact factor: 3.240