Shu Yazaki1,2, Tatsuya Yoshida1,3, Yuki Kojima2,4, Shigehiro Yagishita4, Hiroko Nakahama5, Keiji Okinaka6, Hiromichi Matsushita7, Mika Shiotsuka8, Osamu Kobayashi8, Satoshi Iwata8, Yoshitaka Narita9, Akihiro Ohba10, Masamichi Takahashi9, Satoru Iwasa1,11, Kenya Kobayashi12, Yuichiro Ohe3, Tomokazu Yoshida13, Akinobu Hamada4, Toshihiko Doi14, Noboru Yamamoto1. 1. Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. 2. Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. 3. Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. 4. Division of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan. 5. Department of Nursing, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. 6. Department of General Internal Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan. 7. Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. 8. Department of Infectious Diseases, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. 9. Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. 10. Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. 11. Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. 12. Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. 13. Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation, Hyogo, Japan. 14. Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan.
Abstract
Importance: Patients with cancer and health care workers (HCWs) are at high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Assessing the antibody status of patients with cancer and HCWs can help understand the spread of COVID-19 in cancer care. Objective: To evaluate serum SARS-CoV-2 antibody status in patients with cancer and HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. Design, Setting, and Participants: Participants were enrolled for this prospective cross-sectional study between August 3 and October 30, 2020, from 2 comprehensive cancer centers in the epidemic area around Tokyo, Japan. Patients with cancer aged 16 years or older and employees were enrolled. Participants with suspected COVID-19 infection at the time of enrollment were excluded. Exposures: Cancer of any type and cancer treatment, including chemotherapy, surgery, immune checkpoint inhibitors, radiotherapy, and targeted molecular therapy. Main Outcomes and Measures: Seroprevalence and antibody levels in patients with cancer and HCWs. Seropositivity was defined as positivity to nucleocapsid IgG (N-IgG) and/or spike IgG (S-IgG). Serum levels of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies against the nucleocapsid and spike proteins were measured by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay. Results: A total of 500 patients with cancer (median age, 62.5 years [range, 21-88 years]; 265 men [55.4%]) and 1190 HCWs (median age, 40 years [range, 20-70 years]; 382 men [25.4%]) were enrolled. In patients with cancer, 489 (97.8%) had solid tumors, and 355 (71.0%) had received anticancer treatment within 1 month. Among HCWs, 385 (32.3%) were nurses or assistant nurses, 266 (22.4%) were administrative officers, 197 (16.6%) were researchers, 179 (15.0%) were physicians, 113 (9.5%) were technicians, and 50 (4.2%) were pharmacists. The seroprevalence was 1.0% (95% CI, 0.33%-2.32%) in patients and 0.67% (95% CI, 0.29%-1.32%) in HCWs (P = .48). However, the N-IgG and S-IgG antibody levels were significantly lower in patients than in HCWs (N-IgG: β, -0.38; 95% CI, -0.55 to -0.21; P < .001; and S-IgG: β, -0.39; 95% CI, -0.54 to -0.23; P < .001). Additionally, among patients, N-IgG levels were significantly lower in those who received chemotherapy than in those who did not (median N-IgG levels, 0.1 [interquartile range (IQR), 0-0.3] vs 0.1 [IQR, 0-0.4], P = .04). In contrast, N-IgG and S-IgG levels were significantly higher in patients who received immune checkpoint inhibitors than in those who did not (median N-IgG levels: 0.2 [IQR, 0.1-0.5] vs 0.1 [IQR, 0-0.3], P = .02; S-IgG levels: 0.15 [IQR, 0-0.3] vs 0.1[IQR, 0-0.2], P = .02). Conclusions and Relevance: In this cross-sectional study of Japanese patients with cancer and HCWs, the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies did not differ between the 2 groups; however, findings suggest that comorbid cancer and treatment with systemic therapy, including chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors, may influence the immune response to SARS-CoV-2.
Importance: Patients with cancer and health care workers (HCWs) are at high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Assessing the antibody status of patients with cancer and HCWs can help understand the spread of COVID-19 in cancer care. Objective: To evaluate serum SARS-CoV-2 antibody status in patients with cancer and HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. Design, Setting, and Participants: Participants were enrolled for this prospective cross-sectional study between August 3 and October 30, 2020, from 2 comprehensive cancer centers in the epidemic area around Tokyo, Japan. Patients with cancer aged 16 years or older and employees were enrolled. Participants with suspected COVID-19 infection at the time of enrollment were excluded. Exposures: Cancer of any type and cancer treatment, including chemotherapy, surgery, immune checkpoint inhibitors, radiotherapy, and targeted molecular therapy. Main Outcomes and Measures: Seroprevalence and antibody levels in patients with cancer and HCWs. Seropositivity was defined as positivity to nucleocapsid IgG (N-IgG) and/or spike IgG (S-IgG). Serum levels of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies against the nucleocapsid and spike proteins were measured by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay. Results: A total of 500 patients with cancer (median age, 62.5 years [range, 21-88 years]; 265 men [55.4%]) and 1190 HCWs (median age, 40 years [range, 20-70 years]; 382 men [25.4%]) were enrolled. In patients with cancer, 489 (97.8%) had solid tumors, and 355 (71.0%) had received anticancer treatment within 1 month. Among HCWs, 385 (32.3%) were nurses or assistant nurses, 266 (22.4%) were administrative officers, 197 (16.6%) were researchers, 179 (15.0%) were physicians, 113 (9.5%) were technicians, and 50 (4.2%) were pharmacists. The seroprevalence was 1.0% (95% CI, 0.33%-2.32%) in patients and 0.67% (95% CI, 0.29%-1.32%) in HCWs (P = .48). However, the N-IgG and S-IgG antibody levels were significantly lower in patients than in HCWs (N-IgG: β, -0.38; 95% CI, -0.55 to -0.21; P < .001; and S-IgG: β, -0.39; 95% CI, -0.54 to -0.23; P < .001). Additionally, among patients, N-IgG levels were significantly lower in those who received chemotherapy than in those who did not (median N-IgG levels, 0.1 [interquartile range (IQR), 0-0.3] vs 0.1 [IQR, 0-0.4], P = .04). In contrast, N-IgG and S-IgG levels were significantly higher in patients who received immune checkpoint inhibitors than in those who did not (median N-IgG levels: 0.2 [IQR, 0.1-0.5] vs 0.1 [IQR, 0-0.3], P = .02; S-IgG levels: 0.15 [IQR, 0-0.3] vs 0.1[IQR, 0-0.2], P = .02). Conclusions and Relevance: In this cross-sectional study of Japanese patients with cancer and HCWs, the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies did not differ between the 2 groups; however, findings suggest that comorbid cancer and treatment with systemic therapy, including chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors, may influence the immune response to SARS-CoV-2.
Authors: Karen L Reckamp; Akil Merchant; Jane C Figueiredo; Noah M Merin; Omid Hamid; So Yung Choi; Tucker Lemos; Wendy Cozen; Nathalie Nguyen; Laurel J Finster; Joslyn Foley; Justin Darrah; Jun Gong; Ronald Paquette; Alain C Mita; Robert Vescio; Inderjit Mehmi; Reva Basho; Warren G Tourtellotte; Carissa A Huynh; Gil Y Melmed; Jonathan Braun; Dermot P B McGovern; Emebet Mengesha; Greg Botwin; John C Prostko; Edwin C Frias; James L Stewart; Sandy Joung; Jennifer Van Eyk; Joseph E Ebinger; Susan Cheng; Kimia Sobhani Journal: Cancer Res Date: 2021-11-10 Impact factor: 13.312
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Authors: Anou M Somboro; Yacouba Cissoko; Issiaka Camara; Ousmane Kodio; Mohamed Tolofoudie; Etienne Dembele; Antieme C G Togo; Djibril M Ba; Yeya Dit Sadio Sarro; Bocar Baya; Seydou Samake; Ibrahim B Diallo; Alisha Kumar; Mohamed Traore; Bourahima Kone; Amadou Kone; Bassirou Diarra; Djeneba K Dabitao; Mamadou Wague; Garan Dabo; Seydou Doumbia; Jane L Holl; Robert L Murphy; Souleymane Diallo; Almoustapha I Maiga; Mamoudou Maiga; Sounkalo Dao Journal: Viruses Date: 2022-01-07 Impact factor: 5.048
Authors: Muhammad Bilal Latif; Sudhanshu Shukla; Perla Mariana Del Rio Estrada; Susan Pereira Ribeiro; Rafick Pierre Sekaly; Ashish Arunkumar Sharma Journal: Transl Res Date: 2021-12-03 Impact factor: 7.012