Recognition of cognitive load with a stacking network ensemble of denoising autoencoders and abstracted neurophysiological features.

The safety of human-machine systems can be indirectly evaluated based on operator's cognitive load levels at each temporal instant. However, relevant features of cognitive states are hidden behind in multiple sources of cortical neural responses. In this study, we developed a novel neural network ensemble, SE-SDAE, based on stacked denoising autoencoders (SDAEs) which identify different levels of cognitive load by electroencephalography (EEG) signals. To improve the generalization capability of the ensemble framework, a stacking-based approach is adopted to fuse the abstracted EEG features from activations of deep-structured hidden layers. In particular, we also combine multiple K-nearest neighbor and naive Bayesian classifiers with SDAEs to generate a heterogeneous classification committee to enhance ensemble's diversity. Finally, we validate the proposed SE-SDAE by comparing its performance with mainstream pattern classifiers for cognitive load evaluation to show its effectiveness. © Springer Nature B.V. 2020.