Fehintola V Ajogbasile1,2, Adeyemi T Kayode1,2, Paul E Oluniyi1,2, Kazeem O Akano1,2, Jessica N Uwanibe1,2, Benjamin B Adegboyega1, Courage Philip1, Oluwagboadurami G John3, Philomena J Eromon1, George Emechebe4, Finimo Finimo5, Nnenna Ogbulafor6, Nma Jiya7, Uche Okafor8, Jose Ambe9, Robinson D Wammanda10, Stephen Oguche11, Olugbenga A Mokuolu12, Akintunde Sowunmi13,14, Onikepe A Folarin1,2, Christian T Happi15,16. 1. African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Nigeria. 2. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Nigeria. 3. Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria. 4. Department of Paediatrics, Imo State University Teaching Hospital, Orlu, Nigeria. 5. Department of Paediatrics, Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Nigeria. 6. Case Management Unit, National Malaria Elimination Programme, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria. 7. Department of Paediatrics, Uthman Dan Fodio University, Sokoto, Nigeria. 8. Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria. 9. Department of Paediatrics, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria. 10. Department of Paediatrics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. 11. Department of Paediatrics, University of Jos Teaching Hospital, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria. 12. Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. 13. Institute of Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. 14. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. 15. African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Nigeria. happic@run.edu.ng. 16. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Nigeria. happic@run.edu.ng.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Malaria remains a public health burden especially in Nigeria. To develop new malaria control and elimination strategies or refine existing ones, understanding parasite population diversity and transmission patterns is crucial. METHODS: In this study, characterization of the parasite diversity and structure of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from 633 dried blood spot samples in Nigeria was carried out using 12 microsatellite loci of P. falciparum. These microsatellite loci were amplified via semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fragments were analysed using population genetic tools. RESULTS: Estimates of parasite genetic diversity, such as mean number of different alleles (13.52), effective alleles (7.13), allelic richness (11.15) and expected heterozygosity (0.804), were high. Overall linkage disequilibrium was weak (0.006, P < 0.001). Parasite population structure was low (Fst: 0.008-0.105, AMOVA: 0.039). CONCLUSION: The high level of parasite genetic diversity and low population structuring in this study suggests that parasite populations circulating in Nigeria are homogenous. However, higher resolution methods, such as the 24 SNP barcode and whole genome sequencing, may capture more specific parasite genetic signatures circulating in the country. The results obtained can be used as a baseline for parasite genetic diversity and structure, aiding in the formulation of appropriate therapeutic and control strategies in Nigeria.
BACKGROUND:Malaria remains a public health burden especially in Nigeria. To develop new malaria control and elimination strategies or refine existing ones, understanding parasite population diversity and transmission patterns is crucial. METHODS: In this study, characterization of the parasite diversity and structure of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from 633 dried blood spot samples in Nigeria was carried out using 12 microsatellite loci of P. falciparum. These microsatellite loci were amplified via semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fragments were analysed using population genetic tools. RESULTS: Estimates of parasite genetic diversity, such as mean number of different alleles (13.52), effective alleles (7.13), allelic richness (11.15) and expected heterozygosity (0.804), were high. Overall linkage disequilibrium was weak (0.006, P < 0.001). Parasite population structure was low (Fst: 0.008-0.105, AMOVA: 0.039). CONCLUSION: The high level of parasite genetic diversity and low population structuring in this study suggests that parasite populations circulating in Nigeria are homogenous. However, higher resolution methods, such as the 24 SNP barcode and whole genome sequencing, may capture more specific parasite genetic signatures circulating in the country. The results obtained can be used as a baseline for parasite genetic diversity and structure, aiding in the formulation of appropriate therapeutic and control strategies in Nigeria.
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