Xiao Zhang1,2, Feng Hong1,2, Zixiu Qin1,2, Leilei Liu1,2, Jun Yang3, Xuejie Tang4, Xi Li1,2, Jiangping Zhang1,5, Peng Luo1,2,6. 1. School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China. 2. School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China. 3. Guiyang Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China. 4. The Affiliated Higher Education Mega Center Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China. 5. Health Bureau of Yunyan District, Guiyang, China. 6. State Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
Abstract
AIMS: High resting heart rate (RHR), one abnormal manifestation of autonomic nervous system, is associated with metabolic disorders. However, the association between RHR and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components remains controversial. We aimed to explore the link between these two parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 6589 Dong adults (1434 cases of MetS) from the cross-sectional survey of the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort Study. Logistic regression model was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and assess the association between RHR and MetS, clustered metabolic risk, and MetS components. Restricted cubic splines model was used to evaluate the dose response association. RESULTS: A positive association existed between RHR and MetS, and people in the highest RHR quartile had a higher MetS risk (OR 1.75 [95% CI 1.42-2.15]) than those in the lowest quartile. The clustered metabolic risk associated with RHR (p < 0.05). Furthermore, RHR was related to elevated blood pressure (BP), elevated triglycerides (TG) and elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG); the ORs (95% CIs) for the highest versus lowest RHR quartile were 2.06 (1.75-2.43), 1.37 (1.17-1.62) and 2.53 (2.04-3.14), respectively. Similar results were found in sensitivity and subgroup analyses. Also, non-linear dose response association existed between RHR and MetS and elevated levels of BP, TG and FPG (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: RHR was related to increased risk of MetS, three MetS components (elevated BP, elevated TG and elevated FPG) and the clustered metabolic risk. RHR may be a useful indicator for MetS.
AIMS: High resting heart rate (RHR), one abnormal manifestation of autonomic nervous system, is associated with metabolic disorders. However, the association between RHR and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components remains controversial. We aimed to explore the link between these two parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 6589 Dong adults (1434 cases of MetS) from the cross-sectional survey of the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort Study. Logistic regression model was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and assess the association between RHR and MetS, clustered metabolic risk, and MetS components. Restricted cubic splines model was used to evaluate the dose response association. RESULTS: A positive association existed between RHR and MetS, and people in the highest RHR quartile had a higher MetS risk (OR 1.75 [95% CI 1.42-2.15]) than those in the lowest quartile. The clustered metabolic risk associated with RHR (p < 0.05). Furthermore, RHR was related to elevated blood pressure (BP), elevated triglycerides (TG) and elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG); the ORs (95% CIs) for the highest versus lowest RHR quartile were 2.06 (1.75-2.43), 1.37 (1.17-1.62) and 2.53 (2.04-3.14), respectively. Similar results were found in sensitivity and subgroup analyses. Also, non-linear dose response association existed between RHR and MetS and elevated levels of BP, TG and FPG (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: RHR was related to increased risk of MetS, three MetS components (elevated BP, elevated TG and elevated FPG) and the clustered metabolic risk. RHR may be a useful indicator for MetS.