Roles of selenoprotein S in reactive oxygen species-dependent neutrophil extracellular trap formation induced by selenium-deficient arteritis.

Selenium (Se) deficiency and poor plasma Se levels can cause cardiovascular diseases by decreasing selenoprotein levels. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) may be the vicious cycle center of inflammation in vasculitis. Here, we show that Se deficiency induced arteritis mainly by reducing selenoprotein S (SelS), and promoted the progression of arteritis by regulating the recruitment of neutrophils and NET formation. Silencing SelS induced chicken arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) to secrete cytokines, and activated neutrophils to promote NET formation. Conversely, scavenging DNA-NETs promoted cytokine secretion in PAECs. The NET formation regulated by siSelS was dependent on a reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst. We also found that the PPAR pathway was a major mediator of NET formation induced by Se-deficient arteritis. Overall, our results reveal how Se deficiency regulates NET formation in the progression of arteritis and support silencing-SelS worsens arteritis.