Time- and Dose-Dependent Toxicity Studies in 3D Cultures Using a Luminescent Lactate Dehydrogenase Assay.

Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro systems closely resemble tissue microenvironments and provide predictive models for studying cytotoxic drug responses. The ability to capture the kinetic profiles of such responses in a dynamic and noninvasive way can further advance the utility of 3D cell cultures. Here, we describe the use of a luminescent lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) toxicity assay for monitoring time- and dose-dependent effects of drug treatment in 3D cancer spheroids. HCT116 spheroids formed in 96-well ultralow attachment plates were treated with increasing drug concentrations. Medium samples were collected at different timepoints, frozen, stored, and analyzed at the end of experiments using the luminescent LDH-Glo™ Assay. High assay sensitivity and low volume sampling enabled drug-induced toxicity profiling in a time- and dose-dependent manner.