Orkhon Banzragchgarav1,2, Javzan Batkhuu3, Punsantsogvoo Myagmarsuren2, Badgar Battsetseg2, Banzragch Battur4, Yoshifumi Nishikawa5. 1. National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan. 2. Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, 17024, Mongolia. 3. School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, 14201, Mongolia. 4. Graduate School, Mongolian University of Life Science, Ulaanbaatar, 17024, Mongolia. 5. National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan. nisikawa@obihiro.ac.jp.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Malaria and toxoplasmosis are important public health diseases affecting millions of people and animals each year, and there is a continuing need for new and improved treatments for them. Plants have provided many opportunities for new drug leads in pharmacology. METHODS: We examined 43 crude extracts from Mongolian plants for their activities against the Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain and the Toxoplasma gondii RH strain using a SYBR Green-based fluorescence assay and a fluorescence-based assay, respectively. The potential toxicity of these extracts was also assessed on human foreskin fibroblast cells (HFF) using a cell viability assay. RESULTS: From the initial screenings, 11 and 7 crude extracts were effective against T. gondii and P. falciparum, respectively, at 100 µg/ml concentration (≥ 80% inhibition activity). The 50% cytotoxic concentrations of the extracts were estimated on HFF cells, and their 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) were calculated. According to our lead criteria (selective index, SI; value ≥ 10), six plants (Galatella dahurica leaf + flower, Leonurus deminutus leaf + flower, Oxytropis trichophysa aerial part, Schultzia crinita whole plant, Leontopodium campestre root, Spirea salicifolia aerial part) inhibited P. falciparum growth at IC50 values of 5.99-64.15 µg/ml (SI values: 10.11-17.02). Amaranthus retroflexus root was highly active against T. gondii (IC50, 19.89 µg/ml; SI value, 38). CONCLUSION: This first observation of the anti-Plasmodium and anti-Toxoplasma activities of Mongolian plant extracts shows them to be interesting potential candidates for drug discovery.
PURPOSE: Malaria and toxoplasmosis are important public health diseases affecting millions of people and animals each year, and there is a continuing need for new and improved treatments for them. Plants have provided many opportunities for new drug leads in pharmacology. METHODS: We examined 43 crude extracts from Mongolian plants for their activities against the Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain and the Toxoplasma gondii RH strain using a SYBR Green-based fluorescence assay and a fluorescence-based assay, respectively. The potential toxicity of these extracts was also assessed on human foreskin fibroblast cells (HFF) using a cell viability assay. RESULTS: From the initial screenings, 11 and 7 crude extracts were effective against T. gondii and P. falciparum, respectively, at 100 µg/ml concentration (≥ 80% inhibition activity). The 50% cytotoxic concentrations of the extracts were estimated on HFF cells, and their 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) were calculated. According to our lead criteria (selective index, SI; value ≥ 10), six plants (Galatella dahurica leaf + flower, Leonurus deminutus leaf + flower, Oxytropis trichophysa aerial part, Schultzia crinita whole plant, Leontopodium campestre root, Spirea salicifolia aerial part) inhibited P. falciparum growth at IC50 values of 5.99-64.15 µg/ml (SI values: 10.11-17.02). Amaranthus retroflexus root was highly active against T. gondii (IC50, 19.89 µg/ml; SI value, 38). CONCLUSION: This first observation of the anti-Plasmodium and anti-Toxoplasma activities of Mongolian plant extracts shows them to be interesting potential candidates for drug discovery.
Authors: Kei Katsuno; Jeremy N Burrows; Ken Duncan; Rob Hooft van Huijsduijnen; Takushi Kaneko; Kiyoshi Kita; Charles E Mowbray; Dennis Schmatz; Peter Warner; B T Slingsby Journal: Nat Rev Drug Discov Date: 2015-10-05 Impact factor: 84.694
Authors: Valter F de Andrade-Neto; Tito da Silva; Lucia M Xavier Lopes; Virgílio E do Rosário; Fernando de Pilla Varotti; Antoniana U Krettli Journal: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Date: 2007-04-16 Impact factor: 5.191
Authors: Yoshifumi Nishikawa; Xuan Xuenan; Levi Makala; Ole Vielemeyer; Keith A Joiner; Hideyuki Nagasawa Journal: Int J Parasitol Date: 2003-11 Impact factor: 3.981
Authors: Michael P Barrett; Dennis E Kyle; L David Sibley; Joshua B Radke; Rick L Tarleton Journal: Nat Rev Microbiol Date: 2019-08-23 Impact factor: 60.633