Specific inhibition of proton pumping by the T315V mutation in the K channel of cytochrome ba3 from Thermus thermophilus.

Cytochrome ba3 from Thermus thermophilus belongs to the B family of heme‑copper oxidases and pumps protons across the membrane with an as yet unknown mechanism. The K channel of the A family heme‑copper oxidases provides delivery of a substrate proton from the internal water phase to the binuclear heme‑copper centre (BNC) during the reductive phase of the catalytic cycle, while the D channel is responsible for transferring both substrate and pumped protons. By contrast, in the B family oxidases there is no D-channel and the structural equivalent of the K channel seems to be responsible for the transfer of both categories of protons. Here we have studied the effect of the T315V substitution in the K channel on the kinetics of membrane potential generation coupled to the oxidative half-reaction of the catalytic cycle of cytochrome ba3. The results suggest that the mutated enzyme does not pump protons during the reaction of the fully reduced form with molecular oxygen in a single turnover. Specific inhibition of proton pumping in the T315V mutant appears to be a consequence of inability to provide rapid (τ ~ 100 μs) reprotonation of the internal transient proton donor(s) of the K channel. In contrast to the A family, the K channel of the B-type oxidases is necessary for the electrogenic transfer of both pumped and substrate protons during the oxidative half-reaction of the catalytic cycle.