Mary E Brushe1,2, John Lynch3,4, Sheena Reilly5, Edward Melhuish6, Murthy N Mittinty3, Sally A Brinkman7,3. 1. Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Level 15, 31 Flinders St, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia. mary.brushe@telethonkids.org.au. 2. School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Level 9, Adelaide Health & Medical Science Building, 57 North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia. mary.brushe@telethonkids.org.au. 3. School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Level 9, Adelaide Health & Medical Science Building, 57 North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia. 4. Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, First Floor, 5 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, B28 1UD, UK. 5. Menzies Health Institute Queensland G40 Griffith Health Centre, Griffith University, Level 8.86 Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia. 6. Department of Education, University of Oxford, 15 Norham Gardens, Oxford, OX2 6PY, UK. 7. Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Level 15, 31 Flinders St, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The idea of the '30 million word gap' suggests families from more socioeconomically advantaged backgrounds engage in more verbal interactions with their child than disadvantaged families. Initial findings from the Language in Little Ones (LiLO) study up to 12 months showed no word gap between maternal education groups. METHODS: Families with either high or low maternal education were purposively recruited into a five-year prospective study. We report results from the first three waves of LiLO when children were 6, 12 and 18 months old. Day-long audio recordings, obtained using the Language Environment Analysis software, provided counts of adult words spoken to the child, child vocalizations and conversational turns. RESULTS: By the time children were 18 months old all three measures of talk were 0.5 to 0.7 SD higher among families with more education, but with large variation within education groups. Changes in talk from 6 to 18 months highlighted that families from low educated backgrounds were decreasing the amount they spoke to their children (- 4219.54, 95% CI -6054.13, - 2384.95), compared to families from high educated backgrounds who remained relatively stable across this age period (- 369.13, 95% CI - 2344.57, 1606.30). CONCLUSIONS: The socioeconomic word gap emerges between 12 and 18 months of age. Interventions to enhance maternal communication, child vocalisations and vocabulary development should begin prior to 18 months.
BACKGROUND: The idea of the '30 million word gap' suggests families from more socioeconomically advantaged backgrounds engage in more verbal interactions with their child than disadvantaged families. Initial findings from the Language in Little Ones (LiLO) study up to 12 months showed no word gap between maternal education groups. METHODS: Families with either high or low maternal education were purposively recruited into a five-year prospective study. We report results from the first three waves of LiLO when children were 6, 12 and 18 months old. Day-long audio recordings, obtained using the Language Environment Analysis software, provided counts of adult words spoken to the child, child vocalizations and conversational turns. RESULTS: By the time children were 18 months old all three measures of talk were 0.5 to 0.7 SD higher among families with more education, but with large variation within education groups. Changes in talk from 6 to 18 months highlighted that families from low educated backgrounds were decreasing the amount they spoke to their children (- 4219.54, 95% CI -6054.13, - 2384.95), compared to families from high educated backgrounds who remained relatively stable across this age period (- 369.13, 95% CI - 2344.57, 1606.30). CONCLUSIONS: The socioeconomic word gap emerges between 12 and 18 months of age. Interventions to enhance maternal communication, child vocalisations and vocabulary development should begin prior to 18 months.
Entities:
Keywords:
Early childhood development; Inequality; Language; Parent talk; Word gap
Authors: Jill Gilkerson; Jeffrey A Richards; Steven F Warren; Judith K Montgomery; Charles R Greenwood; D Kimbrough Oller; John H L Hansen; Terrance D Paul Journal: Am J Speech Lang Pathol Date: 2017-05-17 Impact factor: 2.408
Authors: Sally A Brinkman; Angela Gialamas; Azizur Rahman; Murthy N Mittinty; Tess A Gregory; Sven Silburn; Sharon Goldfeld; Stephen R Zubrick; Vaughan Carr; Magdalena Janus; Clyde Hertzman; John W Lynch Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2012-09-04 Impact factor: 2.692