Jennifer Falbe1, Astrid Montuclard1, Alina Engelman2, Sabrina Adler3, Athena Roesler1. 1. Human Development and Family Studies Program, Department of Human Ecology, UC Davis, Davis, CA. 2. Department of Health Sciences, California State University East Bay, Hayward, CA. 3. ChangeLab Solutions, Oakland, CA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: There is a lack of qualitative research developing sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) warning labels with their intended end-users. We sought to identify promising SSB warning elements for improving label effectiveness and for future testing in policy and institutional settings. DESIGN: Mixed-methods design using 10 focus groups, a design task, and survey. The design task was used to generate ideas for an icon that would dissuade SSB consumption. The survey and focus group guide assessed participant perceptions of SSB warning label mock-ups of text (loss-frame, gain-frame, and loss-frame with attribution), color, and icon options. SETTING: Three large public universities in California from February-March 2018. PARTICIPANTS: Young adult SSB consumers (n=86) enrolled in one of three diverse California public universities. RESULTS: Participants perceived the following elements as most effective for reducing SSB consumption: loss-frame text with attribution to a credible source, yellow and red color for label background, and an image or icon to accompany the text. Preferred images included sugar near or inside of an SSB, intuitive shapes like a triangle with exclamation mark or octagon, and a visual indicator of SSB sugar content compared with recommended limits. Support was high for using SSB warning labels in university cafeterias and on bottles/cans. CONCLUSION: Loss-frame text with a credible source, yellow or red label color, and icons could potentially enhance effectiveness of SSB warning labels and warrant further testing.
OBJECTIVE: There is a lack of qualitative research developing sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) warning labels with their intended end-users. We sought to identify promising SSB warning elements for improving label effectiveness and for future testing in policy and institutional settings. DESIGN: Mixed-methods design using 10 focus groups, a design task, and survey. The design task was used to generate ideas for an icon that would dissuade SSB consumption. The survey and focus group guide assessed participant perceptions of SSB warning label mock-ups of text (loss-frame, gain-frame, and loss-frame with attribution), color, and icon options. SETTING: Three large public universities in California from February-March 2018. PARTICIPANTS: Young adult SSB consumers (n=86) enrolled in one of three diverse California public universities. RESULTS:Participants perceived the following elements as most effective for reducing SSB consumption: loss-frame text with attribution to a credible source, yellow and red color for label background, and an image or icon to accompany the text. Preferred images included sugar near or inside of an SSB, intuitive shapes like a triangle with exclamation mark or octagon, and a visual indicator of SSB sugar content compared with recommended limits. Support was high for using SSB warning labels in university cafeterias and on bottles/cans. CONCLUSION: Loss-frame text with a credible source, yellow or red label color, and icons could potentially enhance effectiveness of SSB warning labels and warrant further testing.
Entities:
Keywords:
communication; policy; qualitative; sugar-sweetened beverages; warning label; young adult
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