Abduzhappar Gaipov1, Arnur Gusmanov2, Anara Abbay2, Yesbolat Sakko2, Alpamys Issanov2, Kainar Kadyrzhanuly2, Zhanar Yermakhanova3, Lazzat Aliyeva4, Ardak Kashkynbayev5, Iklas Moldaliyev6, Byron Crape2, Antonio Sarria-Santamera2. 1. Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Kerey and Zhanibek Khans Street 5/1, Room 345, Nur-Sultan city, Kazakhstan. abduzhappar.gaipov@nu.edu.kz. 2. Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Kerey and Zhanibek Khans Street 5/1, Room 345, Nur-Sultan city, Kazakhstan. 3. Department of Emergency Medicine, Akhmet Yassawi University Medical Faculty, Turkestan, Kazakhstan. 4. Department of expertise, Social Health Insurance Fund branch of the Turkestan Region, Turkestan, Kazakhstan. 5. Department of Mathematics, Nazarbayev University School of Sciences and Humanities, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan. 6. Department of Preventive Medicine, Akhmet Yassawi University Medical Faculty, Turkestan, Kazakhstan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: During the spike of COVID-19 pandemic in Kazakhstan (June-2020), multiple SARS-CoV-2 PCR-test negative pneumonia cases with higher mortality were reported by media. We aimed to study the epidemiologic characteristics of hospitalized PCR-test positive and negative patients with analysis of in-hospital and post-hospital mortality. We also compare the respiratory disease characteristics between 2019 and 2020. METHODS: The study population consist of 17,691 (March-July-2020) and 4600 (March-July-2019) hospitalized patients with respiratory diseases (including COVID-19). The incidence rate, case-fatality rate and survival analysis for overall mortality (in-hospital and post-hospital) were assessed. RESULTS: The incidence and mortality rates for respiratory diseases were 4-fold and 11-fold higher in 2020 compared to 2019 (877.5 vs 228.2 and 11.2 vs 1.2 per 100,000 respectively). The PCR-positive cases (compared to PCR-negative) had 2-fold higher risk of overall mortality. We observed 24% higher risk of death in males compared to females and in older patients compared to younger ones. Patients residing in rural areas had 66% higher risk of death compared to city residents and being treated in a provisional hospital was associated with 1.9-fold increased mortality compared to those who were treated in infectious disease hospitals. CONCLUSION: This is the first study from the Central Asia and Eurasia regions, evaluating the mortality of SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive and PCR-negative respiratory system diseases during the peak of COVID-19 pandemic. We describe a higher mortality rate for PCR-test positive cases compared to PCR-test negative cases, for males compared to females, for elder patients compared to younger ones and for patients living in rural areas compared to city residents.
BACKGROUND: During the spike of COVID-19 pandemic in Kazakhstan (June-2020), multiple SARS-CoV-2 PCR-test negative pneumonia cases with higher mortality were reported by media. We aimed to study the epidemiologic characteristics of hospitalized PCR-test positive and negative patients with analysis of in-hospital and post-hospital mortality. We also compare the respiratory disease characteristics between 2019 and 2020. METHODS: The study population consist of 17,691 (March-July-2020) and 4600 (March-July-2019) hospitalized patients with respiratory diseases (including COVID-19). The incidence rate, case-fatality rate and survival analysis for overall mortality (in-hospital and post-hospital) were assessed. RESULTS: The incidence and mortality rates for respiratory diseases were 4-fold and 11-fold higher in 2020 compared to 2019 (877.5 vs 228.2 and 11.2 vs 1.2 per 100,000 respectively). The PCR-positive cases (compared to PCR-negative) had 2-fold higher risk of overall mortality. We observed 24% higher risk of death in males compared to females and in older patients compared to younger ones. Patients residing in rural areas had 66% higher risk of death compared to city residents and being treated in a provisional hospital was associated with 1.9-fold increased mortality compared to those who were treated in infectious disease hospitals. CONCLUSION: This is the first study from the Central Asia and Eurasia regions, evaluating the mortality of SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive and PCR-negative respiratory system diseases during the peak of COVID-19 pandemic. We describe a higher mortality rate for PCR-test positive cases compared to PCR-test negative cases, for males compared to females, for elder patients compared to younger ones and for patients living in rural areas compared to city residents.
Authors: Jan Bauer; Dörthe Brüggmann; Doris Klingelhöfer; Werner Maier; Lars Schwettmann; Daniel J Weiss; David A Groneberg Journal: Intensive Care Med Date: 2020-09-04 Impact factor: 17.440
Authors: Helena Legido-Quigley; Nima Asgari; Yik Ying Teo; Gabriel M Leung; Hitoshi Oshitani; Keiji Fukuda; Alex R Cook; Li Yang Hsu; Kenji Shibuya; David Heymann Journal: Lancet Date: 2020-03-06 Impact factor: 79.321