BACKGROUND: Influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) against a spectrum of severe disease, including critical illness and death, remains poorly characterized. METHODS: We conducted a test-negative study in an intensive care unit (ICU) network at 10 US hospitals to evaluate VE for preventing influenza-associated severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) during the 2019-2020 season, which was characterized by circulation of drifted A/H1N1 and B-lineage viruses. Cases were adults hospitalized in the ICU and a targeted number outside the ICU (to capture a spectrum of severity) with laboratory-confirmed, influenza-associated SARI. Test-negative controls were frequency-matched based on hospital, timing of admission, and care location (ICU vs non-ICU). Estimates were adjusted for age, comorbidities, and other confounders. RESULTS: Among 638 patients, the median (interquartile) age was 57 (44-68) years; 286 (44.8%) patients were treated in the ICU and 42 (6.6%) died during hospitalization. Forty-five percent of cases and 61% of controls were vaccinated, which resulted in an overall VE of 32% (95% CI: 2-53%), including 28% (-9% to 52%) against influenza A and 52% (13-74%) against influenza B. VE was higher in adults 18-49 years old (62%; 95% CI: 27-81%) than those aged 50-64 years (20%; -48% to 57%) and ≥65 years old (-3%; 95% CI: -97% to 46%) (P = .0789 for interaction). VE was significantly higher against influenza-associated death (80%; 95% CI: 4-96%) than nonfatal influenza illness. CONCLUSIONS: During a season with drifted viruses, vaccination reduced severe influenza-associated illness among adults by 32%. VE was high among young adults.
BACKGROUND: Influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) against a spectrum of severe disease, including critical illness and death, remains poorly characterized. METHODS: We conducted a test-negative study in an intensive care unit (ICU) network at 10 US hospitals to evaluate VE for preventing influenza-associated severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) during the 2019-2020 season, which was characterized by circulation of drifted A/H1N1 and B-lineage viruses. Cases were adults hospitalized in the ICU and a targeted number outside the ICU (to capture a spectrum of severity) with laboratory-confirmed, influenza-associated SARI. Test-negative controls were frequency-matched based on hospital, timing of admission, and care location (ICU vs non-ICU). Estimates were adjusted for age, comorbidities, and other confounders. RESULTS: Among 638 patients, the median (interquartile) age was 57 (44-68) years; 286 (44.8%) patients were treated in the ICU and 42 (6.6%) died during hospitalization. Forty-five percent of cases and 61% of controls were vaccinated, which resulted in an overall VE of 32% (95% CI: 2-53%), including 28% (-9% to 52%) against influenza A and 52% (13-74%) against influenza B. VE was higher in adults 18-49 years old (62%; 95% CI: 27-81%) than those aged 50-64 years (20%; -48% to 57%) and ≥65 years old (-3%; 95% CI: -97% to 46%) (P = .0789 for interaction). VE was significantly higher against influenza-associated death (80%; 95% CI: 4-96%) than nonfatal influenza illness. CONCLUSIONS: During a season with drifted viruses, vaccination reduced severe influenza-associated illness among adults by 32%. VE was high among young adults.
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Authors: Javaria Aslam; Muhammad Rauf Ul Hassan; Qindeel Fatima; Hala Bashir Hashmi; Mohammad Y Alshahrani; Ali G Alkhathami; Irrum Aneela Journal: Saudi J Biol Sci Date: 2022-05-31 Impact factor: 4.052
Authors: Meagan Stephenson; Samantha M Olson; Wesley H Self; Adit A Ginde; Nicholas M Mohr; Manjusha Gaglani; Nathan I Shapiro; Kevin W Gibbs; David N Hager; Matthew E Prekker; Michelle N Gong; Jay S Steingrub; Ithan D Peltan; Emily T Martin; Raju Reddy; Laurence W Busse; Abhijit Duggal; Jennifer G Wilson; Nida Qadir; Christopher Mallow; Jennie H Kwon; Matthew C Exline; James D Chappell; Adam S Lauring; Adrienne Baughman; Christopher J Lindsell; Kimberly W Hart; Nathaniel M Lewis; Manish M Patel; Mark W Tenforde Journal: Influenza Other Respir Viruses Date: 2022-07-11 Impact factor: 5.606
Authors: Jennifer R Verani; Wesley H Self; Mark W Tenforde; Manish M Patel; Adit A Ginde; David J Douin; H Keipp Talbot; Jonathan D Casey; Nicholas M Mohr; Anne Zepeski; Manjusha Gaglani; Tresa McNeal; Shekhar Ghamande; Nathan I Shapiro; Kevin W Gibbs; D Clark Files; David N Hager; Arber Shehu; Matthew E Prekker; Heidi L Erickson; Matthew C Exline; Michelle N Gong; Amira Mohamed; Daniel J Henning; Jay S Steingrub; Ithan D Peltan; Samuel M Brown; Emily T Martin; Arnold S Monto; Akram Khan; C Terri Hough; Laurence Busse; Caitlin C Ten Lohuis; Abhijit Duggal; Jennifer G Wilson; Alexandra June Gordon; Nida Qadir; Steven Y Chang; Christopher Mallow; Hayley B Gershengorn; Hilary M Babcock; Jennie H Kwon; Natasha Halasa; James D Chappell; Adam S Lauring; Carlos G Grijalva; Todd W Rice; Ian D Jones; William B Stubblefield; Adrienne Baughman; Kelsey N Womack; Christopher J Lindsell; Kimberly W Hart; Yuwei Zhu; Samantha M Olson; Meagan Stephenson; Stephanie J Schrag; Miwako Kobayashi Journal: medRxiv Date: 2021-07-08