Joanna D Stachowska1, Andrew Murphy2, Claire Mellor3, Diogo Fernandes4, Ella N Gibbons1, Marta J Krysmann2, Antonios Kelarakis5, Engin Burgaz6, Joshua Moore7, Stephen G Yeates7. 1. School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR12HE, UK. 2. UCLan Research Centre for Smart Materials, School of Natural Sciences, Preston, PR12HE, UK. 3. School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR12HE, UK. 4. Malvern Panalytical, Enigma Business Park, Grovewood Road, Malvern, WR14 1XZ, UK. 5. UCLan Research Centre for Smart Materials, School of Natural Sciences, Preston, PR12HE, UK. akelarakis@uclan.ac.uk. 6. Faculty of Engineering, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139, Atakum, Samsun, Turkey. 7. School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
Abstract
In this study we demonstrate simple guidelines to generate a diverse range of fluorescent materials in both liquid and solid state by focusing on the most popular C-dots precursors, i.e. the binary systems of citric acid and urea. The pyrolytic treatment of those precursors combined with standard size separation techniques (dialysis and filtration), leads to four distinct families of photoluminescent materials in which the emissive signal predominantly arises from C-dots with embedded fluorophores, cyanuric acid-rich C-dots, a blend of molecular fluorophores and a mixture of C-dots with unbound molecular fluorophores, respectively. Within each one of those families the chemical composition and the optical properties of their members can be fine-tuned by adjusting the molar ratio of the reactants. Apart from generating a variety of aqueous dispersions, our approach leads to highly fluorescent powders derived from precursors comprising excessive amounts of urea that is consumed for the build-up of the carbogenic cores, the molecular fluorophores and the solid diluent matrix that suppresses self-quenching effects.
In this study we demonstrate simple guidelines to generate a diverse range of fluorescent materials in both liquid and solid state by focusing on tn class="Chemical">he most popular C-dots precursors, i.e. the binary systems of citric acid and urea. Thepyrolytic treatment of those precursors combined with standard size separation techniques (dialysis and filtration), leads to four distinct families of photoluminescent materials in which the emissive signal predominantly arises from C-dots with embedded fluorophores, cyanuric acid-rich C-dots, a blend of molecular fluorophores and a mixture of C-dots with unbound molecular fluorophores, respectively. Within each one of those families the chemical composition and the optical properties of their members can be fine-tuned by adjusting the molar ratio of the reactants. Apart from generating a variety of aqueous dispersions, our approach leads to highly fluorescent powders derived from precursors comprising excessive amounts of urea that is consumed for the build-up of the carbogenic cores, the molecular fluorophores and the solid diluent matrix that suppresses self-quenching effects.
Authors: Pengju G Luo; Sushant Sahu; Sheng-Tao Yang; Sumit K Sonkar; Jinping Wang; Haifang Wang; Gregory E LeCroy; Li Cao; Ya-Ping Sun Journal: J Mater Chem B Date: 2013-03-11 Impact factor: 6.331
Authors: Francesca Mocci; Leon de Villiers Engelbrecht; Chiara Olla; Antonio Cappai; Maria Francesca Casula; Claudio Melis; Luigi Stagi; Aatto Laaksonen; Carlo Maria Carbonaro Journal: Chem Rev Date: 2022-08-10 Impact factor: 72.087
Authors: Joanna D Stachowska; Monika B Gamża; Claire Mellor; Ella N Gibbons; Marta J Krysmann; Antonios Kelarakis; Elżbieta Gumieniczek-Chłopek; Tomasz Strączek; Czesław Kapusta; Anna Szwajca Journal: Nanomaterials (Basel) Date: 2022-02-17 Impact factor: 5.076