Salvador Vargas-Molina1,2, Leandro Carbone3, Ramón Romance4, Jorge L Petro5, Brad J Schoenfeld6, Richard B Kreider7, Diego A Bonilla8,9, Javier Benítez-Porres10. 1. Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain. salvadorvargasmolina@gmail.com. 2. EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, Málaga, Spain. salvadorvargasmolina@gmail.com. 3. University of Salvador, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 4. Body Composition and Biodynamic Laboratory, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain. 5. Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería, Colombia. 6. Department of Health Sciences, CUNY Lehman College, New York, NY, USA. 7. Exercise and Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Texas A&M University, Texas, USA. 8. Research Division, Dynamical Business and Science Society, DBSS INTERNATIONAL SAS, Bogotá, Colombia. 9. Research Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá, Colombia. 10. Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a ketogenic diet on blood pressure, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), bone mineral content (BMC), and bone mineral density (BMD) in trained women. METHODS: Twenty-one resistance-trained women performed an 8-week resistance training program after a 3-week familiarization phase. Participants were randomly assigned to a non-ketogenic diet (n = 11, NKD) or ketogenic diet (n = 10, KD) group. Health parameters were measured before and after the nutritional intervention. Blood pressure was measured using a digital automatic monitor, while VAT, BMC, and BMD changes were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure in KD (mean ± SD [IC 95%], P value, Hedges' g; - 6.3 ± 6.0 [- 10.5, - 2.0] mmHg, P = 0.009, g = - 0.81) but not in NKD (- 0.4 ± 8.9 [- 6.8, 6.0] mmHg, P = 0.890, g = - 0.04). The results on VAT showed no changes in both groups. The KD showed a small favorable effect on BMD (0.02 ± 0.02 [0.01, 0.03] g·cm-2, P = 0.014, g = 0.19) while NKD did not show significant changes (0.00 ± 0.02 [- 0.02, 0.02] g·cm-2, P = 0.886, g = 0.01). No differences in group or in the time × group interaction were found in any of the variables. CONCLUSIONS: Consuming a low-carbohydrate high-fat KD in conjunction with a resistance training program might help to promote the improvement of health-related markers in resistance-trained women. Long-term studies are required to evaluate the superiority of a KD in comparison to a traditional diet.
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a ketogenic diet on blood pressure, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), bone mineral content (BMC), and bone mineral density (BMD) in trained women. METHODS: Twenty-one resistance-trained women performed an 8-week resistance training program after a 3-week familiarization phase. Participants were randomly assigned to a non-ketogenic diet (n = 11, NKD) or ketogenic diet (n = 10, KD) group. Health parameters were measured before and after the nutritional intervention. Blood pressure was measured using a digital automatic monitor, while VAT, BMC, and BMD changes were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure in KD (mean ± SD [IC 95%], P value, Hedges' g; - 6.3 ± 6.0 [- 10.5, - 2.0] mmHg, P = 0.009, g = - 0.81) but not in NKD (- 0.4 ± 8.9 [- 6.8, 6.0] mmHg, P = 0.890, g = - 0.04). The results on VAT showed no changes in both groups. The KD showed a small favorable effect on BMD (0.02 ± 0.02 [0.01, 0.03] g·cm-2, P = 0.014, g = 0.19) while NKD did not show significant changes (0.00 ± 0.02 [- 0.02, 0.02] g·cm-2, P = 0.886, g = 0.01). No differences in group or in the time × group interaction were found in any of the variables. CONCLUSIONS: Consuming a low-carbohydrate high-fat KD in conjunction with a resistance training program might help to promote the improvement of health-related markers in resistance-trained women. Long-term studies are required to evaluate the superiority of a KD in comparison to a traditional diet.
Entities:
Keywords:
Blood pressure; Bone mineral density; Carbohydrate-restricted diet; Cardiovascular health; Female; Visceral fat
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