Edoardo Botteri1,2, Paula Berstad2, Sven Sandin3,4,5, Elisabete Weiderpass6. 1. Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway. 2. Section for Colorectal Cancer Screening, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway. 3. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 4. Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. 5. Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. 6. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The impact of lifestyle changes on cancer risk is yet to be elucidated. We investigated this issue in the Swedish Women's Lifestyle and Health Cohort Study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We measured changes by comparing two questionnaires, filled in 1991/92 and 2003. We followed women for cancer from 2003 until 2012. We used Cox regression models to assess the effect of changes in smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index (BMI), physical activity and a lifestyle score on the risk of lifestyle-related cancer. One point was added to the lifestyle score for each of these: non-smoking, alcohol consumption ≤12 grams/day, BMI <25 kg/m2 and high level of physical activity. RESULTS: We included 29,930 women. From 1991/92 to 2003, median age changed from 40.0 to 51.7 years, alcohol consumption from 2.5 to 4.7 grams/day, BMI from 22.7 to 24.5 kg/m2, proportion of current smokers from 31.0 to 20.6% and women reporting high physical activity from 27.2 to 37.0%. Women who quit smoking had lower risk of smoking-related cancers compared to women who continued (hazard ratio (HR) 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.55-1.00). Women who reduced their weight by more than 5%, compared to women with stable weight, had lower risk of breast cancer (HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.31-0.78). Among women with score of 0-2 in 1992/93, those who improved to 3-4 had lower risk of lifestyle-related cancers compared to women who did not (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.66-0.99). CONCLUSIONS: Healthy lifestyle changes, particularly smoking cessation and weight reduction, were associated with a decreased risk of cancer.
BACKGROUND: The impact of lifestyle changes on cancer risk is yet to be elucidated. We investigated this issue in the Swedish Women's Lifestyle and Health Cohort Study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We measured changes by comparing two questionnaires, filled in 1991/92 and 2003. We followed women for cancer from 2003 until 2012. We used Cox regression models to assess the effect of changes in smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index (BMI), physical activity and a lifestyle score on the risk of lifestyle-related cancer. One point was added to the lifestyle score for each of these: non-smoking, alcohol consumption ≤12 grams/day, BMI <25 kg/m2 and high level of physical activity. RESULTS: We included 29,930 women. From 1991/92 to 2003, median age changed from 40.0 to 51.7 years, alcohol consumption from 2.5 to 4.7 grams/day, BMI from 22.7 to 24.5 kg/m2, proportion of current smokers from 31.0 to 20.6% and women reporting high physical activity from 27.2 to 37.0%. Women who quit smoking had lower risk of smoking-related cancers compared to women who continued (hazard ratio (HR) 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.55-1.00). Women who reduced their weight by more than 5%, compared to women with stable weight, had lower risk of breast cancer (HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.31-0.78). Among women with score of 0-2 in 1992/93, those who improved to 3-4 had lower risk of lifestyle-related cancers compared to women who did not (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.66-0.99). CONCLUSIONS: Healthy lifestyle changes, particularly smoking cessation and weight reduction, were associated with a decreased risk of cancer.
Entities:
Keywords:
Lifestyle changes; cancer risk; lifestyle recommendations; women’s health
Authors: Kandyce Keller; Jeslie M Ramos-Cartagena; Humberto M Guiot; Cristina Muñoz; Yolanda Rodríguez; Vivian Colón-López; Ashish A Deshmukh; Maribel Tirado-Gómez; Ana Patricia Ortiz Journal: Cancer Treat Res Commun Date: 2021-12-31
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