Phospholipid profile and production of prostanoids by murine colonic epithelium: effect of dietary fat.

Dietary fat and abnormal production of various prostanoids have been linked to various disease states of the large bowel, including cancer of the colon. Studies were conducted to determine the effect of dietary fat (beef tallow or corn oil) on the lipid composition and prostanoid production of the murine colon. Female C57BL/6J mice were fed high-fat (HF) diets (47% of calories as fat) or low-fat (LF) diets (10% of calories as fat). After four wk of dietary treatment, the mucosa was scraped, and lipids were extracted from the mucosal and muscle layers. The fat content of the diets did not significantly alter the amount of phospholipid (PL) or neutral lipid in the colonic tissue. However, the HF affected the PL profile of the colonic mucosa. For example, the ratio of phosphatidylcholine (PC) to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was significantly higher for both the HF groups compared with that of the two LF groups (0.76 +/- 0.15 and 0.80 +/- 0.13 vs 0.31 +/- 0.20 and 0.34 +/- 0.18). Production of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2 (measured as bicyclic PGE2) and TXB2 (a stable metabolite of TXA2) and PGF1 alpha (a stable metabolite of PGI2) was unaffected by the dietary treatments. The muscle had a different PL profile (PC:PE is 2.6 +/- 0.1) than the mucosa and contributed a larger proportion of the prostanoids formed. This study demonstrates that the phospholipid polar head group composition of normal colonic mucosa is altered by dietary fat, but the ability of the mucosa to synthesize metabolites of PGE2, TXA2 and PGI2 is not affected.