After All, It was Not Lung Cancer: When The Evidence is Misleading.

The aetiology of pulmonary nodules is varied, with malignant lesions being the most important and requiring rapid diagnosis and treatment. However, although clinical presentation and imaging may suggest a specific diagnosis, it should be kept in mind that some benign pathologies mimic more serious disease. A 50-year-old man presented with left pleuritic chest pain. A CT scan showed an ipsilateral pulmonary spiculated nodule. Pneumonia was assumed and the patient was started on antibiotic therapy. In the absence of improvement, positron emission tomography and a transthoracic aspiration biopsy were performed. Lung cancer was diagnosed and the patient underwent an upper lobectomy. However, examination of the surgical specimen showed no malignancy. LEARNING POINTS: Although complementary diagnostic exams are increasingly available and widely used, they may produce false positive or false negative results.A correct diagnostic approach can lead to an incorrect diagnosis.The preoperative diagnosis of pulmonary nodules can be a challenge. © EFIM 2021.