Challenges against CO2 abatement strategies in cement industry: A review.

Cement industry is an intensive source of fuel consumption and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions. This industry is responsible for 5% of GHGs emissions and is among the top industrial sources of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Therefore, CO2 emissions reduction from cement production process has been always an appealing subject for researches in universities and industry. Various efforts have been carried out to mitigate the huge mass of CO2 emissions from the cement industry. Although, majority of these strategies are technically viable, due to various barriers, the level of CO2 mitigation in cement industry is still not satisfactory. Among numerous researches on this topic, only a few have tried to answer why CO2 abatement strategies are not globally practiced yet. This work aims to highlight the challenges and barriers against widespread and effective implementation of CO2 mitigation strategies in the cement industry and to propose practical solutions to overcome such barriers.