Daniel S March1,2,3, Ka-Bik Lai4, Tracy Neal5, Matthew P M Graham-Brown1,2,3, Patrick J Highton6, Darren R Churchward1,2,3, Hannah M L Young3,7, Maurice Dungey1,2,3, David J Stensel2,8, Alice C Smith9, Nicolette C Bishop2,9, Cheuk Chun Szeto4, James O Burton1,2,3,8. 1. Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK. 2. NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK. 3. University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK. 4. Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. 5. Affinity Biomarker Labs, Translation and Innovation Hub, Imperial College White City Campus, London, UK. 6. Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK. 7. Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK. 8. School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK. 9. Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Intradialytic cycling (IDC) may provide cardiovascular benefits to individuals receiving haemodialysis, but the exact mechanism behind these improvements remains unclear. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a 6-month programme of IDC on circulating endotoxin (secondary analysis from the CYCLE-HD trial). Secondary aims were to investigate changes in circulating cytokines [interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, tumour necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein (CRP) and the IL-6:IL-10 ratio] and their associations with physical activity, fitness and cardiovascular outcomes. METHODS: Participants were randomized to either a 6-month programme of IDC (thrice weekly, moderate intensity cycling at a rating of perceived exertion of 12-14) in addition to usual care (n = 46) or usual care only (control group; n = 46). Outcome measures were obtained at baseline and then again at 6 months. RESULTS: There was no significant (P = 0.137) difference in circulating endotoxin between groups at 6 months (IDC group: 0.34 ± 0.08 EU/mL; control group: 0.37 ± 0.07 EU/mL). There were no significant between-group differences in any circulating cytokine following the 6-month programme of IDC. Higher levels of physical activity and fitness were associated with lower levels of endotoxin, IL-6, CRP and IL-6:IL-10 ratio. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show no change in circulating endotoxin or cytokines following a 6-month programme of IDC. However, higher levels of physical activity outside of haemodialysis were associated with lower levels of inflammation.
BACKGROUND: Intradialytic cycling (IDC) may provide cardiovascular benefits to individuals receiving haemodialysis, but the exact mechanism behind these improvements remains unclear. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a 6-month programme of IDC on circulating endotoxin (secondary analysis from the CYCLE-HD trial). Secondary aims were to investigate changes in circulating cytokines [interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, tumour necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein (CRP) and the IL-6:IL-10 ratio] and their associations with physical activity, fitness and cardiovascular outcomes. METHODS: Participants were randomized to either a 6-month programme of IDC (thrice weekly, moderate intensity cycling at a rating of perceived exertion of 12-14) in addition to usual care (n = 46) or usual care only (control group; n = 46). Outcome measures were obtained at baseline and then again at 6 months. RESULTS: There was no significant (P = 0.137) difference in circulating endotoxin between groups at 6 months (IDC group: 0.34 ± 0.08 EU/mL; control group: 0.37 ± 0.07 EU/mL). There were no significant between-group differences in any circulating cytokine following the 6-month programme of IDC. Higher levels of physical activity and fitness were associated with lower levels of endotoxin, IL-6, CRP and IL-6:IL-10 ratio. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show no change in circulating endotoxin or cytokines following a 6-month programme of IDC. However, higher levels of physical activity outside of haemodialysis were associated with lower levels of inflammation.
Authors: Arlana G Taylor; Andrew I Ignaszewski; Shannon S D Bredin; John S Hill; Erin M Shellington; Darren E R Warburton Journal: Front Cardiovasc Med Date: 2022-02-08
Authors: Erika Meléndez Oliva; Jorge H Villafañe; Jose Luis Alonso Pérez; Alexandra Alonso Sal; Guillermo Molinero Carlier; Andrés Quevedo García; Silvia Turroni; Oliver Martínez-Pozas; Norberto Valcárcel Izquierdo; Eleuterio A Sánchez Romero Journal: J Pers Med Date: 2022-07-21