Su Yeon Jang1, Jeong Yeon Seon1, Baik Lin Eun2, Seong Beom Koh3, Jin Hong Yoo4, Woo Yong Lee5, Ho Kee Yum6, Seok Jun Yoon7, In Hwan Oh8, Sang Cheol Bae9, Sung Goo Chang10. 1. Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. 2. Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. 3. Department of Neurology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. 4. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea. 5. Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. 6. Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea. 7. Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. 8. Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. parenchyme@gmail.com. 9. Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea. 10. Department of Urology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread around the globe, and it is important to determine the risk factors of death in the general population. Our study aimed to determine the risk factors of death and severe illness requiring supplemental oxygen therapy based on the demographic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Korea. METHODS: In this study, we used data provided by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA) and analyzed a total of 5,068 patients with COVID-19, excluding 19 pregnant women and 544 individuals with missing data. We performed logistic regression analysis to determine the impact of early symptoms on survival and severe disease. Logistic regression models included sex, age, number of comorbidities, symptoms on admission, blood pressure, heart rate, and body temperature as explanatory variables, and death and oxygen therapy as outcome variables. RESULTS: Logistic regression analyses revealed that the male sex, older age (≥ 60 years), higher number of comorbidities, presence of symptoms on admission, heart rate ≥ 120 bpm, and body temperature ≥ 37.5°C presented with higher risk of in-hospital death and oxygen therapy requirement. Conversely, rhinorrhea and headache were associated with a low risk of death and oxygen therapy requirement. The findings showed that cough, sputum, and fever were the most common symptoms on admission, while 25.3% of patients with COVID-19 were asymptomatic. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 patients with high-risk early symptoms on admission, such as dyspnea and altered mental status, and those without low-risk symptoms of rhinorrhea and headache should be included in priority treatment groups.
BACKGROUND:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread around the globe, and it is important to determine the risk factors of death in the general population. Our study aimed to determine the risk factors of death and severe illness requiring supplemental oxygen therapy based on the demographic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19patients in Korea. METHODS: In this study, we used data provided by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA) and analyzed a total of 5,068 patients with COVID-19, excluding 19 pregnant women and 544 individuals with missing data. We performed logistic regression analysis to determine the impact of early symptoms on survival and severe disease. Logistic regression models included sex, age, number of comorbidities, symptoms on admission, blood pressure, heart rate, and body temperature as explanatory variables, and death and oxygen therapy as outcome variables. RESULTS: Logistic regression analyses revealed that the male sex, older age (≥ 60 years), higher number of comorbidities, presence of symptoms on admission, heart rate ≥ 120 bpm, and body temperature ≥ 37.5°C presented with higher risk of in-hospital death and oxygen therapy requirement. Conversely, rhinorrhea and headache were associated with a low risk of death and oxygen therapy requirement. The findings showed that cough, sputum, and fever were the most common symptoms on admission, while 25.3% of patients with COVID-19 were asymptomatic. CONCLUSION:COVID-19patients with high-risk early symptoms on admission, such as dyspnea and altered mental status, and those without low-risk symptoms of rhinorrhea and headache should be included in priority treatment groups.