James S Wolffsohn1, Michael T M Wang2, Maria Vidal-Rohr1, Francesco Menduni1, Sandeep Dhallu1, Tugce Ipek3, Duygu Acar1, Alberto Recchioni4, Alex France5, Alec Kingsnorth1, Jennifer P Craig6. 1. Optometry and Vision Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK. 2. Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, New Zealand. 3. Optometry and Vision Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Centre for Craniofacial Biology and Regeneration, King's College London, London, UK. 4. Optometry and Vision Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Birmingham, UK. 5. Thea Pharmaceuticals, UK. 6. Optometry and Vision Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, New Zealand. Electronic address: jp.craig@auckland.ac.nz.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate demographic and lifestyle factors associated with aqueous deficient and evaporative dry eye disease. METHODS: A total of 1125 general public visitors (707 females, mean ± SD age, 33 ± 21, range 5-90 years) at the Royal Society Summer Science Exhibition were recruited in a cross-sectional study. A demographic and lifestyle factor questionnaire was administered, and dry eye symptomology (DEQ-5 score), ocular surface characteristics (conjunctival hyperaemia, and infrared meibography), and tear film parameters (tear meniscus height, non-invasive breakup time, and lipid layer grade) were evaluated for the left eye of each participant within a single session. The diagnostic criteria for dry eye disease subtypes were adapted from the rapid non-invasive dry eye assessment algorithm. RESULTS: Overall, 428 (38%) participants fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for dry eye disease, 161 (14%) with aqueous deficient dry eye disease, and 339 (30%) with evaporative dry eye disease. Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that advancing age, female sex, reduced sleep duration, higher psychological stress, and poorer self-perceived health status were independently associated with aqueous deficient dry eye disease (all p < 0.05). Significant risk factors for evaporative dry eye disease included advancing age, East and South Asian ethnicity, contact lens wear, increased digital device screen exposure, higher psychological stress, and poorer self-perceived health status (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Both subtypes of dry eye disease were associated with several unique and shared demographic and lifestyle factors. The findings of this study could inform future research design investigating the utility of targeted screening and risk factor modification for the prevention and management of dry eye disease.
PURPOSE: To evaluate demographic and lifestyle factors associated with aqueous deficient and evaporative dry eye disease. METHODS: A total of 1125 general public visitors (707 females, mean ± SD age, 33 ± 21, range 5-90 years) at the Royal Society Summer Science Exhibition were recruited in a cross-sectional study. A demographic and lifestyle factor questionnaire was administered, and dry eye symptomology (DEQ-5 score), ocular surface characteristics (conjunctival hyperaemia, and infrared meibography), and tear film parameters (tear meniscus height, non-invasive breakup time, and lipid layer grade) were evaluated for the left eye of each participant within a single session. The diagnostic criteria for dry eye disease subtypes were adapted from the rapid non-invasive dry eye assessment algorithm. RESULTS: Overall, 428 (38%) participants fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for dry eye disease, 161 (14%) with aqueous deficient dry eye disease, and 339 (30%) with evaporative dry eye disease. Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that advancing age, female sex, reduced sleep duration, higher psychological stress, and poorer self-perceived health status were independently associated with aqueous deficient dry eye disease (all p < 0.05). Significant risk factors for evaporative dry eye disease included advancing age, East and South Asian ethnicity, contact lens wear, increased digital device screen exposure, higher psychological stress, and poorer self-perceived health status (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Both subtypes of dry eye disease were associated with several unique and shared demographic and lifestyle factors. The findings of this study could inform future research design investigating the utility of targeted screening and risk factor modification for the prevention and management of dry eye disease.
Authors: Lin Li; Jing Zhang; Moxin Chen; Xue Li; Qiao Chu; Run Jiang; Zhihao Liu; Lili Zhang; Jun Shi; Yi Wang; Weizhong Zhu; Jian Chen; Pengcheng Xun; Jibo Zhou Journal: Front Public Health Date: 2021-12-01