Thanat Kanthawang1,2, Jannis Bodden3,4, Gabby B Joseph3, Thomas Vail5, Derek Ward5, Rina Patel3, Thomas M Link3. 1. Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 185 Berry St, Suite 350, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA. thanatkanthawang@gmail.com. 2. Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. thanatkanthawang@gmail.com. 3. Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 185 Berry St, Suite 350, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA. 4. Department of Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. 5. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To assess the value of preoperative joint aspiration in detecting periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in patients undergoing revision hip arthroplasty and to compare these with the clinical findings, serum markers, and intraoperative findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fluoroscopically guided hip aspirations in patients with pain after hip arthroplasty were retrospectively reviewed from January 2014 to December 2018. All hips underwent subsequent revision hip arthroplasty. Antibiotics were discontinued at least 2 weeks before the aspiration. The 2018 Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria served as a standard of reference for PJI. Clinical, serum, synovial, and intraoperative parameters were recorded in all patients. Correlations between all parameters with PJI diagnosis were analyzed using linear and logistic regression models with ROC analysis. RESULTS: In 202 hips that included 91 septic hips, hip aspiration (AUC = 0.78) and intraoperative (0.80) parameters performed better than serum-based tests (0.64) and clinical parameters (0.68) in detecting PJI. Using MSIS criteria as a standard of reference, hip aspiration had a sensitivity of 64.0% and an accuracy of 78.5% for cultures and a sensitivity of 74.2% and an accuracy of 82.1% for synovial polymorphonuclear neutrophils% (PMN%). Results substantially improved sensitivity after excluding patients that were treated with antibiotics, particularly culture results. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative hip aspiration showed good diagnostic performance in diagnosing PJI compared with MSIS criteria as a standard of reference. But a negative result from aspirate could not rule out PJI. Based on our findings, hip aspiration is an essential test for treatment planning in patients with pain after hip arthroplasty.
PURPOSE: To assess the value of preoperative joint aspiration in detecting periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in patients undergoing revision hip arthroplasty and to compare these with the clinical findings, serum markers, and intraoperative findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fluoroscopically guided hip aspirations in patients with pain after hip arthroplasty were retrospectively reviewed from January 2014 to December 2018. All hips underwent subsequent revision hip arthroplasty. Antibiotics were discontinued at least 2 weeks before the aspiration. The 2018 Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria served as a standard of reference for PJI. Clinical, serum, synovial, and intraoperative parameters were recorded in all patients. Correlations between all parameters with PJI diagnosis were analyzed using linear and logistic regression models with ROC analysis. RESULTS: In 202 hips that included 91 septic hips, hip aspiration (AUC = 0.78) and intraoperative (0.80) parameters performed better than serum-based tests (0.64) and clinical parameters (0.68) in detecting PJI. Using MSIS criteria as a standard of reference, hip aspiration had a sensitivity of 64.0% and an accuracy of 78.5% for cultures and a sensitivity of 74.2% and an accuracy of 82.1% for synovial polymorphonuclear neutrophils% (PMN%). Results substantially improved sensitivity after excluding patients that were treated with antibiotics, particularly culture results. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative hip aspiration showed good diagnostic performance in diagnosing PJI compared with MSIS criteria as a standard of reference. But a negative result from aspirate could not rule out PJI. Based on our findings, hip aspiration is an essential test for treatment planning in patients with pain after hip arthroplasty.
Entities:
Keywords:
Fluoroscopy; Hip arthroplasty; Joint aspiration; Prosthesis-related infections
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