| Literature DB >> 33935320 |
Glaucus Cajaty Martins1,2, Pedro Henrique Gomes Fraga1, Lucas Braga Teixeira1, Bruno Rodrigues Guterres Valle1, Luiz Felippe Martins Filho1, Maurício de Pinho Gama2.
Abstract
Objective The present study aims to evaluate the prevalence of foot and ankle pain complaints, radiographic parameters, and functional performance in subjects with severe obesity (body mass index [BMI] > 40) who are candidates to bariatric surgery. Methods Forty severely obese patients were evaluated at a bariatric surgery outpatient facility. These severely obese subjects (BMI > 40) were divided into two subgroups: those with BMI < 50 (n = 24) and BMI > 50 (n = 16). These patients were compared with a control group of 42 volunteers with a mean BMI value of 24. The following parameters were assessed: foot pain (according to the visual analog scale [VAS]), functional performance (according to the American Orthopeadic Foot and Ankle Society [AOFAS] scale, including forefoot, midfoot and hindfoot domains), age, gender, hallux metatarsal-phalangeal angle, hallux intermetatarsal angle, talocalcaneal angle, calcanean pitch angle and Meary angle. Results Incidence of foot pain was higher in the severely obese group compared with the control group ( p < 0.0001; odds ratio [OR]: 4.2). Functional performance according to the AOFAS scale was lower in obese subjects compared with the control group ( p < 0.0001; OR for hindfoot, 4.81; OR for midfoot, 3.33). Conclusion The incidence of foot pain was higher in the group of severely obese patients compared with the control group. According to the AOFAS scale, functional forefoot, midfoot and hindfoot performance was worse in severely obese individuals. Sociedade Brasileira de Ortopedia e Traumatologia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ).Entities:
Keywords: AOFAS scale; foot; obesity; pain
Year: 2020 PMID: 33935320 PMCID: PMC8075649 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713757
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo) ISSN: 0102-3616
Study group (obese patients)
| GENDER | AGE (years) | WEIGHT (kg) | CLASSIFICATION | HEIGHT (m) | BMI | VAS | SIDE | H | M | F | AMF | AIM° | APC° | ATC | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Female | 61 | 92 | PATIENT | 1.5 | 40.9 | 9 | LEFT | 47 | 79 | 93 | normal | normal | NORMAL | FLAT |
| 2 | Female | 42 | 110 | PATIENT | 1.64 | 40.9 | 9 | RIGHT | 49 | 60 | 95 | mild | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 3 | Female | 64 | 105 | PATIENT | 1.6 | 41 | 8 | RIGHT | 28 | 52 | 100 | normal | normal | NORMAL | FLAT |
| 4 | Female | 45 | 108 | PATIENT | 1.62 | 41.2 | 10 | LEFT | 65 | 53 | 74 | normal | mild | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 5 | Female | 32 | 99 | PATIENT | 1.55 | 41.6 | 8 | RIGHT | 50 | 65 | 93 | normal | moderate | FLAT | NORMAL |
| 6 | Male | 27 | 158 | PATIENT | 1.95 | 41.6 | 8 | LEFT | 85 | 82 | 85 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 7 | Female | 47 | 97.5 | PATIENT | 1.52 | 42.2 | 7 | RIGHT | 67 | 64 | 95 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 8 | Male | 47 | 123 | PATIENT | 1.7 | 42.6 | 0 | LEFT | 80 | 85 | 85 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 9 | Male | 62 | 108 | PATIENT | 1.59 | 42.7 | 8 | RIGHT | 72 | 76 | 93 | normal | moderate | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 10 | Male | 25 | 143 | PATIENT | 1.83 | 42.7 | 10 | RIGHT | 67 | 100 | 100 | moderate | moderate | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 11 | Male | 30 | 128 | PATIENT | 1.73 | 42.77 | 7 | RIGHT | 82 | 100 | 73 | normal | mild | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 12 | Male | 40 | 150 | PATIENT | 1.87 | 42.9 | 6 | RIGHT | 79 | 85 | 82 | normal | normal | NORMAL | FLAT |
| 13 | Female | 58 | 136 | PATIENT | 1.77 | 43.4 | 9 | RIGHT | 30 | 32 | 83 | moderate | severe | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 14 | Female | 53 | 102 | PATIENT | 1.52 | 44.15 | 5 | RIGHT | 67 | 100 | 100 | moderate | moderate | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 15 | Female | 19 | 109 | PATIENT | 1.57 | 44.2 | 8 | RIGHT | 67 | 49 | 100 | moderate | mild | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 16 | Female | 38 | 122 | PATIENT | 1.66 | 44.3 | 9 | LEFT | 80 | 82 | 93 | normal | mild | FLAT | NORMAL |
| 17 | Female | 49 | 103 | PATIENT | 1.52 | 44.58 | 8 | RIGHT | 71 | 56 | 100 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 18 | Female | 47 | 124 | PATIENT | 1.65 | 45.5 | 7 | RIGHT | 72 | 60 | 77 | normal | moderate | NORMAL | CAVUS |
| 19 | Female | 53 | 97 | PATIENT | 152 | 45.8 | 0 | RIGHT | 88 | 89 | 90 | normal | mild | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 20 | Female | 43 | 126 | PATIENT | 1.65 | 46.3 | 8 | RIGHT | 68 | 45 | 90 | normal | normal | NORMAL | CAVUS |
| 21 | Female | 63 | 116 | PATIENT | 1.58 | 46.5 | 7 | RIGHT | 52 | 87 | 100 | normal | mild | CAVUS | NORMAL |
| 22 | Male | 50 | 142 | PATIENT | 1.72 | 48 | 6 | RIGHT | 60 | 100 | 78 | moderate | moderate | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 23 | Female | 63 | 115 | PATIENT | 1.55 | 48.87 | 8 | LEFT | 82 | 100 | 73 | moderate | mild | FLAT | NORMAL |
| 24 | Female | 33 | 140 | PATIENT | 1.68 | 49.6 | 5 | RIGHT | 67 | 89 | 70 | mild | moderate | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 25 | Female | 52 | 130 | PATIENT | 1.61 | 50.2 | 3 | LEFT | 78 | 75 | 100 | moderate | mild | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 26 | Male | 61 | 146 | PATIENT | 1.69 | 51.12 | 10 | LEFT | 57 | 100 | 57 | mild | mild | NORMAL | FLAT |
| 27 | Female | 45 | 120 | PATIENT | 1.53 | 51.26 | 3 | RIGHT | 73 | 62 | 100 | moderate | moderate | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 28 | Female | 41 | 140 | PATIENT | 1.65 | 51.42 | 8 | RIGHT | 93 | 53 | 100 | moderate | mild | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 29 | Female | 44 | 120 | PATIENT | 1.52 | 51.94 | 5 | LEFT | 84 | 82 | 100 | mild | mild | FLAT | NORMAL |
| 30 | Female | 55 | 116 | PATIENT | 1.48 | 52.16 | 8 | LEFT | 51 | 100 | 100 | mild | moderate | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 31 | Female | 42 | 113 | PATIENT | 1.47 | 52.29 | 6 | RIGHT | 50 | 45 | 72 | normal | normal | NORMAL | CAVUS |
| 32 | Female | 36 | 123 | PATIENT | 1.53 | 52.59 | 5 | LEFT | 58 | 100 | 100 | moderate | moderate | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 33 | Female | 27 | 135 | PATIENT | 1.58 | 54.08 | 7 | RIGHT | 41 | 61 | 100 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 34 | Female | 37 | 145 | PATIENT | 1.62 | 55.25 | 7 | LEFT | 64 | 100 | 100 | mild | mild | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 35 | Female | 51 | 133 | PATIENT | 1.55 | 55.4 | 10 | LEFT | 29 | 39 | 90 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 36 | Female | 40 | 132 | PATIENT | 1.54 | 55.66 | 8 | RIGHT | 81 | 100 | 83 | moderate | moderate | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 37 | Male | 40 | 165 | PATIENT | 1.72 | 55.77 | 5 | LEFT | 69 | 100 | 70 | moderate | mild | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 38 | Female | 36 | 162 | PATIENT | 1.65 | 59.5 | 7 | LEFT | 88 | 73 | 95 | normal | mild | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 39 | Female | 37 | 153 | PATIENT | 1.58 | 61.29 | 5 | RIGHT | 55 | 64 | 100 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 40 | Male | 59 | 181 | PATIENT | 1.79 | 71.6 | 7 | RIGHT | 89 | 100 | 100 | normal | severe | NORMAL | NORMAL |
Abbreviations: AIM, hallux intermetatarsal angle; AMF, hallux metatarsal-phalangeal angle; APC, calcanean pitch angle; ATC, talocalcaneal angle; BMI, Body mass index; H, M, F, hindfoot, midfoot, forefoot (respectively) functional performance according to the American Orthopeadic Foot and Ankle Society scale; VAS, visual analogue scale.
Control group
| GENDER | AGE | WEIGHT (kg) | CLASSIFICATION | HEIGHT (m) | BMI | VAS | SIDE | H | M | F | AMF | AIM | APC | ATC | AM | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Female | 61 | 80 | CONTROL | 1.62 | 30.48 | 3 | LEFT | 49 | 66 | 100 | normal | normal | CAVUS | NORMAL | CAVUS |
| 2 | Female | 58 | 61 | CONTROL | 1.54 | 25.72 | 3 | LEFT | 41 | 58 | 100 | moderate | mild | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 3 | Female | 45 | 62 | CONTROL | 1.54 | 26.14 | 0 | RIGHT | 100 | 100 | 100 | normal | mild | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 4 | Female | 44 | 65 | CONTROL | 1.68 | 23.03 | 0 | RIGHT | 58 | 58 | 100 | normal | moderate | FLAT | NORMAL | FLAT |
| 5 | Female | 38 | 74 | CONTROL | 1.74 | 22.4 | 0 | LEFT | 60 | 90 | 90 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 6 | Female | 54 | 89 | CONTROL | 1.7 | 30.45 | 3 | RIGHT | 41 | 56 | 100 | normal | moderate | FLAT | NORMAL | FLAT |
| 7 | Female | 27 | 57 | CONTROL | 1.71 | 19.15 | 0 | RIGHT | 100 | 100 | 100 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 8 | Female | 38 | 59 | CONTROL | 1.63 | 22.21 | 5 | LEFT | 100 | 100 | 100 | moderate | mild | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 9 | Female | 60 | 62 | CONTROL | 1.59 | 24.52 | 0 | RIGHT | 57 | 53 | 100 | mild | mild | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 10 | Female | 35 | 69 | CONTROL | 1.71 | 23.6 | 0 | RIGHT | 100 | 100 | 100 | mild | mild | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 11 | Female | 37 | 72 | CONTROL | 1.73 | 24.06 | 6 | LEFT | 100 | 100 | 100 | mild | mild | FLAT | NORMAL | FLAT |
| 12 | Female | 53 | 69 | CONTROL | 1.62 | 26.29 | 7 | RIGHT | 58 | 66 | 100 | moderate | moderate | FLAT | NORMAL | FLAT |
| 13 | Female | 41 | 72 | CONTROL | 1.7 | 24.91 | 4 | LEFT | 100 | 100 | 100 | mild | mild | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 14 | Female | 20 | 54 | CONTROL | 1.59 | 21.36 | 0 | RIGHT | 100 | 100 | 100 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 15 | Male | 42 | 87 | CONTROL | 1.81 | 26.56 | 0 | RIGHT | 100 | 100 | 100 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 16 | Male | 30 | 70 | CONTROL | 1.71 | 23.66 | 0 | RIGHT | 100 | 100 | 100 | moderate | moderate | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 17 | Male | 47 | 74 | CONTROL | 1.73 | 25.01 | 4 | LEFT | 100 | 100 | 100 | normal | mild | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 18 | Male | 24 | 76 | CONTROL | 1.74 | 25.1 | 0 | RIGHT | 100 | 100 | 100 | moderate | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 19 | Male | 27 | 78 | CONTROL | 1.7 | 26.99 | 0 | RIGHT | 100 | 100 | 100 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 20 | Male | 35 | 76 | CONTROL | 1.69 | 26.61 | 6 | LEFT | 100 | 100 | 100 | moderate | mild | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 21 | Male | 61 | 76 | CONTROL | 1.72 | 25.69 | 0 | RIGHT | 53 | 49 | 100 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 22 | Male | 56 | 92 | CONTROL | 1.79 | 28.71 | 3 | RIGHT | 100 | 100 | 100 | mild | mild | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 23 | Female | 25 | 50 | CONTROL | 1.65 | 18.4 | 0 | LEFT | 100 | 100 | 100 | normal | mild | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 24 | Female | 56 | 52 | CONTROL | 1.6 | 20.3 | 0 | RIGHT | 100 | 100 | 100 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL | CAVUS |
| 25 | Female | 35 | 55 | CONTROL | 1.53 | 23.5 | 0 | RIGHT | 100 | 100 | 75 | moderate | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 26 | Female | 50 | 57 | CONTROL | 1.6 | 22.3 | 3 | RIGHT | 100 | 90 | 100 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL | CAVUS |
| 27 | Female | 33 | 65 | CONTROL | 1.68 | 23 | 1 | RIGHT | 100 | 100 | 92 | normal | mild | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 28 | Male | 34 | 79 | CONTROL | 1.81 | 24 | 0 | RIGHT | 100 | 100 | 100 | normal | mild | NORMAL | NORMAL | CAVUS |
| 29 | Female | 60 | 60 | CONTROL | 1.54 | 25.3 | 2 | LEFT | 88 | 100 | 100 | normal | mild | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 30 | Female | 47 | 575 | CONTROL | 1.67 | 20.4 | 0 | RIGHT | 100 | 100 | 100 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 31 | Female | 61 | 57 | CONTROL | 1.53 | 24.3 | 0 | RIGHT | 100 | 100 | 100 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 32 | Female | 51 | 54 | CONTROL | 1.55 | 22.5 | 0 | LEFT | 100 | 100 | 100 | normal | normal | CAVUS | NORMAL | CAVUS |
| 33 | Male | 58 | 73 | CONTROL | 1.7 | 25.3 | 0 | RIGHT | 100 | 100 | 100 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 34 | Male | 52 | 83 | CONTROL | 1.8 | 25 | 0 | LEFT | 100 | 100 | 100 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL | CAVUS |
| 35 | Female | 40 | 62 | CONTROL | 1.71 | 21.2 | 0 | LEFT | 100 | 100 | 100 | normal | mild | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 36 | Female | 42 | 58 | CONTROL | 1.55 | 24.1 | 5 | LEFT | 90 | 100 | 100 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 37 | Female | 53 | 60 | CONTROL | 1.57 | 24.3 | 2 | RIGHT | 87 | 92 | 92 | moderate | moderate | NORMAL | FLAT | NORMAL |
| 38 | Female | 60 | 49 | CONTROL | 1.55 | 20.4 | 6 | LEFT | 64 | 95 | 100 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 39 | Male | 27 | 82 | CONTROL | 1.79 | 25.2 | 0 | RIGHT | 100 | 100 | 100 | normal | moderate | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 40 | Female | 43 | 54 | CONTROL | 1.53 | 23.1 | 0 | LEFT | 85 | 85 | 75 | normal | moderate | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 41 | Female | 48 | 63 | CONTROL | 1.59 | 24.9 | 0 | LEFT | 75 | 72 | 75 | moderate | severe | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 42 | Female | 35 | 75 | CONTROL | 1.75 | 24.5 | 0 | LEFT | 100 | 100 | 100 | normal | mild | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
Abbreviations: AIM, hallux intermetatarsal angle; AM, Meary Angle; AMF, hallux metatarsal-phalangeal angle; APC, calcanean pitch angle; ATC, talocalcaneal angle; BMI, Body mass index; H, M, F, hindfoot, midfoot, forefoot (respectively) functional performance according to the American Orthopeadic Foot and Ankle Society scale; VAS, visual analogue scale.
Fig. 1Two-dimensional representation of visual analog scale (VAS) for pain in obese ( blue ) and control ( red ) subjects.
Correlations in obese and control groups
| PARAMETER | OBESE GROUP | CONTROL GROUP | STATISTICAL ANALYSIS |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Male. 25%; Female. 75% | Male. 28.5%; Female. 71.5% |
|
| Age | 44.85 | 43.8 (Mean value) |
|
| VAS | 95% with pain | 40% with pain |
|
| AOFAS H (mean value) | 65.87 | 88.23 |
|
| AOFAS M (mean value) | 76.1 | 91.19 |
|
| AOFAS F (mean value) | 89.59 | 97.59 |
|
| APC | N = 87.5% | N = 85.71% |
|
| C = 2.5% | C = 4.70% | ||
| F = 10% | F = 9.52% | ||
| ATC | N = 82.5% | N = 97.6% |
|
| C = 7.5% | C = 0% | ||
| F = 10% | F = 2.6% | ||
| AM | N = 67.5% | N = 76.2% |
|
| C = 12.5% | C = 14.3% | ||
| F = 17.5% | F = 9.5% | ||
| AMF | N = 45% | N = 66.6% |
|
| AIM | N = 30% | N = 42.85% |
|
| Gender x VAS | ---------------------------- | -------------------------- |
|
|
| |||
| BMI X VAS | ---------------------------- | -------------------------- |
|
|
|
Abbreviations: AIM, hallux intermetatarsal angle; AMF, hallux metatarsal-phalangeal angle; APC, calcanean pitch angle; ATC, talocalcaneal angle; BMI, Body mass index; C, cavus; F, flat; H, M, F, hindfoot, midfoot, forefoot (respectively) functional performance according to the American Orthopeadic Foot and Ankle Society scale; N, normal; p, p-value, VAS, visual analogue scale.
Fig. 2Box plot graphs showing the American Orthopeadic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score for forefoot, midfoot and hindfoot domains in obese ( left ) and control ( right ) subjects.
Correlations in subgroups with body mass index below or above 50
| PARAMETER | OBESE BMI < 50 | OBESE BMI > 50 | STATISTICAL ANALYSIS |
|---|---|---|---|
| VAS | 91.6 | 100% |
|
| Severe pain = 58% | Severe pain = 31.2% | ||
| AOFAS Hindfoot domain | 65.62 | 66.25 |
|
| AOFAS Midfoot domain | 74.58 | 78.37 |
|
Abbreviations: AOFAS, American Orthopeadic Foot and Ankle Society; BMI, body mass index; p , p-value; VAS, visual analogue scale.
Grupo de estudo(obesos)
| SEXO | IDADE | PESO | CLASSIFICAÇÃO | ALTURA | IMC | VAS | LADO | A R | A M | A A | Âng AMF° | Âng AIM° | Âng APC | Âng ATC | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | F | 61 | 92 | PAC | 1,5 | 40,9 | 9 | ESQ | 47 | 79 | 93 | normal | normal | NORMAL | PLANO |
| 2 | F | 42 | 110 | PAC | 1,64 | 40,9 | 9 | DIR | 49 | 60 | 95 | leve | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 3 | F | 64 | 105 | PAC | 1,6 | 41 | 8 | DIR | 28 | 52 | 100 | normal | normal | NORMAL | PLANO |
| 4 | F | 45 | 108 | PAC | 1,62 | 41,2 | 10 | ESQ | 65 | 53 | 74 | normal | leve | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 5 | F | 32 | 99 | PAC | 1,55 | 41,6 | 8 | DIR | 50 | 65 | 93 | normal | moderado | PLANO | NORMAL |
| 6 | M | 27 | 158 | PAC | 1,95 | 41,6 | 8 | ESQ | 85 | 82 | 85 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 7 | F | 47 | 97,5 | PAC | 152 | 42,2 | 7 | DIR | 67 | 64 | 95 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 8 | M | 47 | 123 | PAC | 1,7 | 42,6 | 0 | ESQ | 80 | 85 | 85 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 9 | M | 62 | 108 | PAC | 1,59 | 42,7 | 8 | DIR | 72 | 76 | 93 | normal | moderado | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 10 | M | 25 | 143 | PAC | 1,83 | 42,7 | 10 | DIR | 67 | 100 | 100 | moderado | moderado | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 11 | M | 30 | 128 | PAC | 1,73 | 42,77 | 7 | DIR | 82 | 100 | 73 | normal | leve | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 12 | M | 40 | 150 | PAC | 1,87 | 42,9 | 6 | DIR | 79 | 85 | 82 | normal | normal | NORMAL | PLANO |
| 13 | F | 58 | 136 | PAC | 1,77 | 43,4 | 9 | DIR | 30 | 32 | 83 | moderado | grave | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 14 | F | 53 | 102 | PAC | 1,52 | 44,15 | 5 | DIR | 67 | 100 | 100 | moderado | moderado | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 15 | F | 19 | 109 | PAC | 1,57 | 44,2 | 8 | DIR | 67 | 49 | 100 | moderado | leve | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 16 | F | 38 | 122 | PAC | 1,66 | 44,3 | 9 | ESQ | 80 | 82 | 93 | normal | leve | PLANO | NORMAL |
| 17 | F | 49 | 103 | PAC | 1,52 | 44,58 | 8 | DIR | 71 | 56 | 100 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 18 | F | 47 | 124 | PAC | 1,65 | 45,5 | 7 | DIR | 72 | 60 | 77 | normal | moderado | NORMAL | CAVO |
| 19 | F | 53 | 97 | PAC | 1,52 | 45,8 | 0 | DIR | 88 | 89 | 90 | normal | leve | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 20 | F | 43 | 126 | PAC | 1,65 | 46,3 | 8 | DIR | 68 | 45 | 90 | normal | normal | NORMAL | CAVO |
| 21 | F | 63 | 116 | PAC | 1,58 | 46,5 | 7 | DIR | 52 | 87 | 100 | normal | leve | CAVO | NORMAL |
| 22 | M | 50 | 142 | PAC | 1,72 | 48 | 6 | DIR | 60 | 100 | 78 | moderado | moderado | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 23 | F | 63 | 115 | PAC | 1,55 | 48,87 | 8 | ESQ | 82 | 100 | 73 | moderado | leve | PLANO | NORMAL |
| 24 | F | 33 | 140 | PAC | 1,68 | 49,6 | 5 | DIR | 67 | 89 | 70 | leve | moderado | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 25 | F | 52 | 130 | PAC | 1,61 | 50,2 | 3 | ESQ | 78 | 75 | 100 | moderado | leve | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 26 | M | 61 | 146 | PAC | 1,69 | 51,12 | 10 | ESQ | 57 | 100 | 57 | leve | leve | NORMAL | PLANO |
| 27 | F | 45 | 120 | PAC | 1,53 | 51,26 | 3 | DIR | 73 | 62 | 100 | moderado | moderado | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 28 | F | 41 | 140 | PAC | 1,65 | 51,42 | 8 | DIR | 93 | 53 | 100 | moderado | leve | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 29 | F | 44 | 120 | PAC | 1,52 | 51,94 | 5 | ESQ | 84 | 82 | 100 | leve | leve | PLANO | NORMAL |
| 30 | F | 55 | 116 | PAC | 1,48 | 52,16 | 8 | ESQ | 51 | 100 | 100 | leve | moderado | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 31 | F | 42 | 113 | PAC | 1,47 | 52,29 | 6 | DIR | 50 | 45 | 72 | normal | normal | NORMAL | CAVO |
| 32 | F | 36 | 123 | PAC | 1,53 | 52,59 | 5 | ESQ | 58 | 100 | 100 | moderado | moderado | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 33 | F | 27 | 135 | PAC | 1,58 | 54,08 | 7 | DIR | 41 | 61 | 100 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 34 | F | 37 | 145 | PAC | 1,62 | 55,25 | 7 | ESQ | 64 | 100 | 100 | leve | leve | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 35 | F | 51 | 133 | PAC | 1,55 | 55,4 | 10 | ESQ | 29 | 39 | 90 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 36 | F | 40 | 132 | PAC | 1,54 | 55,66 | 8 | DIR | 81 | 100 | 83 | moderado | moderado | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 37 | M | 40 | 165 | PAC | 1,72 | 55,77 | 5 | ESQ | 69 | 100 | 70 | moderado | leve | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 38 | F | 36 | 162 | PAC | 1,65 | 59,5 | 7 | ESQ | 88 | 73 | 95 | normal | leve | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 39 | F | 37 | 153 | PAC | 1,58 | 61,29 | 5 | DIR | 55 | 64 | 100 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 40 | M | 59 | 181 | PAC | 1,79 | 71,6 | 7 | DIR | 89 | 100 | 100 | normal | grave | NORMAL | NORMAL |
Abreviações: AR, abreviatura da escala AOFAS do retropé; AM, abreviatura da escala AOFAS do mediopé; AA, abreviatura da escala AOFAS do antepé; Âng AIM, ângulo intermetatarsal; Âng AMF, ângulo metatarso falangeano do hálux; Âng APC , ângulo “pitch” calcaneano; Âng ATC, ângulo talocalcaneano; DIR, direito; ESQ, esquerdo; IMC, índice de massa corporal; PAC, paciente; VAS, escala visual analógica.
Grupo controle
| SEXO | IDADE | PESO | CLASSIFICAÇÃO | ALTURA | IMC | VAS | LADO | A R | A M | A A | Ang AMF° | Ang AIM° | Ang APC° | Ang ATC | Ang AM | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | F | 61 | 80 | CONTROLE | 1,62 | 30,48 | 3 | ESQ | 49 | 66 | 100 | normal | normal | CAVO | NORMAL | CAVO |
| 2 | F | 58 | 61 | CONTROLE | 1,54 | 25,72 | 3 | ESQ | 41 | 58 | 100 | moderado | leve | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 3 | F | 45 | 62 | CONTROLE | 1,54 | 26,14 | 0 | DIR | 100 | 100 | 100 | normal | leve | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 4 | F | 44 | 65 | CONTROLE | 1,68 | 23,03 | 0 | DIR | 58 | 58 | 100 | normal | moderado | PLANO | NORMAL | PLANO |
| 5 | F | 38 | 74 | CONTROLE | 1,74 | 22,4 | 0 | ESQ | 60 | 90 | 90 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 6 | F | 54 | 89 | CONTROLE | 1,7 | 30,45 | 3 | DIR | 41 | 56 | 100 | normal | moderado | PLANO | NORMAL | PLANO |
| 7 | F | 27 | 57 | CONTROLE | 1,71 | 19,15 | 0 | DIR | 100 | 100 | 100 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 8 | F | 38 | 59 | CONTROLE | 1,63 | 22,21 | 5 | ESQ | 100 | 100 | 100 | moderado | leve | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 9 | F | 60 | 62 | CONTROLE | 1,59 | 24,52 | 0 | DIR | 57 | 53 | 100 | leve | leve | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 10 | F | 35 | 69 | CONTROLE | 1,71 | 23,6 | 0 | DIR | 100 | 100 | 100 | leve | leve | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 11 | F | 37 | 72 | CONTROLE | 1,73 | 24,06 | 6 | ESQ | 100 | 100 | 100 | leve | leve | PLANO | NORMAL | PLANO |
| 12 | F | 53 | 69 | CONTROLE | 1,62 | 26,29 | 7 | DIR | 58 | 66 | 100 | moderado | moderado | PLANO | NORMAL | PLANO |
| 13 | F | 41 | 72 | CONTROLE | 1,7 | 24,91 | 4 | ESQ | 100 | 100 | 100 | leve | leve | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 14 | F | 20 | 54 | CONTROLE | 1,59 | 21,36 | 0 | DIR | 100 | 100 | 100 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 15 | M | 42 | 87 | CONTROLE | 1,81 | 26,56 | 0 | DIR | 100 | 100 | 100 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 16 | M | 30 | 70 | CONTROLE | 1,71 | 23,66 | 0 | DIR | 100 | 100 | 100 | moderado | moderado | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 17 | M | 47 | 74 | CONTROLE | 1,73 | 25,01 | 4 | ESQ | 100 | 100 | 100 | normal | leve | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 18 | M | 24 | 76 | CONTROLE | 1,74 | 25,1 | 0 | DIR | 100 | 100 | 100 | moderado | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 19 | M | 27 | 78 | CONTROLE | 1,7 | 26,99 | 0 | DIR | 100 | 100 | 100 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 20 | M | 35 | 76 | CONTROLE | 1,69 | 26,61 | 6 | ESQ | 100 | 100 | 100 | moderado | leve | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 21 | M | 61 | 76 | CONTROLE | 1,72 | 25,69 | 0 | DIR | 53 | 49 | 100 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 22 | M | 56 | 92 | CONTROLE | 1,79 | 28,71 | 3 | DIR | 100 | 100 | 100 | leve | leve | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 23 | F | 25 | 50 | CONTROLE | 1,65 | 18,4 | 0 | ESQ | 100 | 100 | 100 | normal | leve | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 24 | F | 56 | 52 | CONTROLE | 1,6 | 20,3 | 0 | DIR | 100 | 100 | 100 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL | CAVO |
| 25 | F | 35 | 55 | CONTROLE | 1,53 | 23,5 | 0 | DIR | 100 | 100 | 75 | moderado | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 26 | F | 50 | 57 | CONTROLE | 1,6 | 22,3 | 3 | DIR | 100 | 90 | 100 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL | CAVO |
| 27 | F | 33 | 65 | CONTROLE | 1,68 | 23 | 1 | DIR | 100 | 100 | 92 | normal | leve | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 28 | M | 34 | 79 | CONTROLE | 1,81 | 24 | 0 | DIR | 100 | 100 | 100 | normal | leve | NORMAL | NORMAL | CAVO |
| 29 | F | 60 | 60 | CONTROLE | 1,54 | 25,3 | 2 | ESQ | 88 | 100 | 100 | normal | leve | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 30 | F | 47 | 575 | CONTROLE | 1,67 | 20,4 | 0 | DIR | 100 | 100 | 100 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 31 | F | 61 | 57 | CONTROLE | 1,53 | 24,3 | 0 | DIR | 100 | 100 | 100 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 32 | F | 51 | 54 | CONTROLE | 1,55 | 22,5 | 0 | ESQ | 100 | 100 | 100 | normal | normal | CAVO | NORMAL | CAVO |
| 33 | M | 58 | 73 | CONTROLE | 1,7 | 25,3 | 0 | DIR | 100 | 100 | 100 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 34 | M | 52 | 83 | CONTROLE | 1,8 | 25 | 0 | ESQ | 100 | 100 | 100 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL | CAVO |
| 35 | F | 40 | 62 | CONTROLE | 1,71 | 21,2 | 0 | ESQ | 100 | 100 | 100 | normal | leve | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 36 | F | 42 | 58 | CONTROLE | 1,55 | 24,1 | 5 | ESQ | 90 | 100 | 100 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 37 | F | 53 | 60 | CONTROLE | 1,57 | 24,3 | 2 | DIR | 87 | 92 | 92 | moderado | moderado | NORMAL | PLANO | NORMAL |
| 38 | F | 60 | 49 | CONTROLE | 1,55 | 20,4 | 6 | ESQ | 64 | 95 | 100 | normal | normal | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 39 | M | 27 | 82 | CONTROLE | 1,79 | 25,2 | 0 | DIR | 100 | 100 | 100 | normal | moderado | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 40 | F | 43 | 54 | CONTROLE | 1,53 | 23,1 | 0 | ESQ | 85 | 85 | 75 | normal | moderado | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 41 | F | 48 | 63 | CONTROLE | 1,59 | 24,9 | 0 | ESQ | 75 | 72 | 75 | moderado | grave | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
| 42 | F | 35 | 75 | CONTROLE | 1,75 | 24,5 | 0 | ESQ | 100 | 100 | 100 | normal | leve | NORMAL | NORMAL | NORMAL |
Abreviações: AR, abreviatura da escala AOFAS do retropé; AM, abreviatura da escala AOFAS do mediopé; AA, abreviatura da escala AOFAS do antepé; Âng AIM, ângulo intermetatarsal; Âng AMF, ângulo metatarso falangeano do hálux; Âng APC , ângulo “pitch” calcaneano; Âng ATC, ângulo talocalcaneano; DIR, direito; ESQ, esquerdo; IMC, índice de massa corporal; VAS, escala visual analógica.
Fig. 1Gráfico 2D escala de dor (VAS) no grupo de estudo de obesos (azul) e controle (vermelho).
Resultados da correlação entre o grupo obeso e controle
| PARÂMETRO | GRUPO OBESO | GRUPO CONTROLE | ESTATÍSTICA |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gênero | M 25%/ F 75% | M 28,5% / F 71,5% |
|
| Idade | 44,85% | 43,8 ( Média) |
|
| VAS | 95% com dor | 40% com dor |
|
| AOFAS R (valor médio) | 65.87 | 88.23 |
|
| AOFAS M (valor médio) | 76,1 | 91,19 |
|
| AOFAS A (valor médio) | 89,59 | 97,59 |
|
| angAPC | N = 87,5% | N =85,71% |
|
| C = 2,5% | C = 4,70% | ||
| P = 10% | P = 9,52% | ||
| angATC | N = 82,5% | N = 97,6% |
|
| C = 7,5% | C = 0% | ||
| P = 10% | P = 2,6% | ||
| angAM | N = 67,5% | N = 76,2% |
|
| C = 12,5% | C = 14,3% | ||
| P = 17,5% | P = 9,5% | ||
| angAMF | N = 45% | N = 66.6% |
|
| angAIM | N = 30% | N = 42,85% |
|
| Gênero x VAS | ---------------------------- | -------------------------- |
|
|
| |||
| IMC X VAS | ---------------------------- | -------------------------- |
|
|
|
Abreviações: AOFAS R, Escala funcional da Associação Americana de Cirurgia do Pé e Tornozelo relativa ao retropé; AOFAS M, Escala funcional da Associação Americana de Cirurgia do Pé e Tornozelo relativa ao mediopé; AOFAS A, Escala funcional da Associação Americana de Cirurgia do Pé e Tornozelo relativa ao antepé; Âng AIM, ângulo intermetatarsal; Âng AMF, ângulo metatarso falangeano do hálux; Âng APC, ângulo “pitch” calcaneano; Âng ATC, ângulo talocalcaneano; C, cavo; F, feminino; M, masculino; N, normal; p = Estatística; VAS, escala visual analógica.
Fig. 2Gráficos Box plot da escala funcional AOFAS das áreas do antepé, mediopé e retropé em indivíduos do grupo de estudo de obesos (à esquerda) e grupo controle, à direita.
Resultados da correlação entre os subgrupos com IMC abaixo de 50 e acima de 50
| PARÂMETRO | OBESO IMC < 50 | OBESO IMC > 50 | ESTATÍSTICA |
|---|---|---|---|
| EVA | 91,6 | 100% |
|
| Dor grave= 58% | Dor grave= 31.2% | ||
| AOFAS Retropé | 65,62 | 66,25 |
|
| AOFAS Mediopé | 74,58 | 78,37 |
|
Abreviações: AOFAS, Associação Americana de Cirurgia do Pé e Tornozelo; EVA, escala visual analógica; IMC, índice de massa corporal.