| Literature DB >> 33935313 |
Flaviano Moreira da Silva1, Denis Bordoni Canêz1, Andressa Rodeghiero Madeira1, Gustavo Dias Ferreira2.
Abstract
Objective To evaluate knee alignment in the frontal plane and pelvic balance during the step-down test in female and male soccer players. Methods Cross-sectional study carried out with male and female soccer players from under-15 and under-17 teams of a professional club in Southern Brazil. The step-down test was performed, filmed with a video camera, and evaluated according to the angular measurements obtained during movement using the Kinovea software (open source), version 0.8.24. Results The sample consisted of 38 individuals, 19 males and 19 females. Female athletes had a greater varus angle (9.42° ± 1.65°) compared to male athletes (3.91° ± 2.0°; p = 0.04). There was no difference regarding the unilateral pelvic drop between the groups. In addition, the association between the hip-related pelvic drop and the projection angle on the frontal plane of the knee was weak in both genders. Conclusion Even though the pelvic drop was observed in both genders, young female athletes had greater varus knee angles on the step-down test, which require greater attention to minimize the risk of injury. Sociedade Brasileira de Ortopedia e Traumatologia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ).Entities:
Keywords: genu valgum; genu varum; pelvis; soccer
Year: 2021 PMID: 33935313 PMCID: PMC8075638 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721361
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo) ISSN: 0102-3616
Fig. 1Evaluation of the pelvic drop using the step-down test in young soccer players (Kinovea software, version 0.8.24).
Fig. 2Evaluation of the frontal plane projection angle(FPPA) of the knee using the step-down test in young soccer players (Kinovea software, version 0.8.24).
Characteristics of the sample of young soccer players
| Gender | Under-15 | Under-17 | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| Male | 15 (0.00) | 16.6 (0.51) | 16.4 (0.69) |
| Female | 14.5 (1.07) | 17 (0.00) | 15.9 (1.43) | |
|
| ||||
| Less than 1 year | Male | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| Female | 50% | 27.3% | 36.8% | |
| 1 year | Male | 0% | 5.9% | 5.25% |
| Female | 12.5% | 18.2% | 15.8% | |
| 2 years | Male | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| Female | 25% | 36.3% | 31.6% | |
| 3 years | Male | 0% | 5.9% | 5.25% |
| Female | 12.5% | 9.1% | 10.5% | |
| 5 years or more | Male | 100% | 88.2% | 89.5% |
| Female | 0% | 9.1% | 5.3% | |
|
| ||||
| Once a week | Male | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| Female | 37.5% | 18.2% | 26.3% | |
| 3 times a week | Male | 50% | 35.3% | 36.8% |
| Female | 50% | 54.5% | 52.6% | |
| More than 3 times a week | Male | 50% | 64.7% | 63.2% |
| Female | 12.5% | 27.3% | 21.1% |
Comparison of the knee FPPA and pelvic drop using the step-down test in young soccer players
| Male | Female | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Mean | Standard deviation | N | Mean | Standard deviation |
| |
| FPPA (degrees) | 19 | 3.91 | 2.00 | 19 | 9.42 | 1.65 | 0.04* |
| Pelvic drop (cm) | 19 | 9.00 | 3.02 | 19 | 9.67 | 3.25 | 0.51 |
Abbreviation: FPPA, frontal plane projection angle.
Notes: Student t -test; *statistically-significant difference.
Association between knee angle in the frontal plane and pelvic drop on the step-down test in young soccer players
|
|
| |
|---|---|---|
| Total (N = 38) | 0.34 | 0.13 |
| Male (N = 19) | 0.31 | 0.19 |
| Female (N = 19) | 0.35 | 0.14 |
Note: *Pearson correlation.
Fig. 1Avaliação do drop pélvico durante a realização do teste de descida de um degrau em atletas de futebol de base (software Kinovea, versão 0.8.24).
Fig. 2Avaliação do ângulo de projeção no plano frontal (APPF) do joelho durante a realização do teste de descida de um degrau em atletas de futebol de base (software Kinovea, versão 0.8.24).
Características da amostra de atletas das categorias de base de uma equipe de futebol
| Sexo | Sub-15 | Sub-17 | Geral | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| Masc | 15 (0,00) | 16,6 (0,51) | 16,4 (0,69) |
| Fem | 14,5 (1,07) | 17 (0,00) | 15,9 (1,43) | |
|
| ||||
| Menos de 1 ano | Masc | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| Fem | 50% | 27,3% | 36,8% | |
| 1 ano | Masc | 0% | 5,9% | 5,25% |
| Fem | 12,5% | 18,2% | 15,8% | |
| 2 anos | Masc | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| Fem | 25% | 36,3% | 31,6% | |
| 3 anos | Masc | 0% | 5,9% | 5,25% |
| Fem | 12,5% | 9,1% | 10,5% | |
| 5 anos ou mais | Masc | 100% | 88,2% | 89,5% |
| Fem | 0% | 9,1% | 5,3% | |
|
| ||||
| 1 vez por semana | Masc | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| Fem | 37,5% | 18,2% | 26,3% | |
| 3 vezes por semana | Masc | 50% | 35,3% | 36,8% |
| Fem | 50% | 54,5% | 52,6% | |
| Mais de 3 vezes por semana | Masc | 50% | 64,7% | 63,2% |
| Fem | 12,5% | 27,3% | 21,1% |
Abreviaturas: Fem, feminino; Masc, masculino.
Comparação do APPF do joelho e do drop pélvico no teste de descida de um degrau em atletas das categorias de base de uma equipe de futebol
| Masculino | Feminino | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Média | Desvio padrão | N | Média | Desvio padrão |
Valor de
| |
| APPF (graus) | 19 | 3,91 | 2,00 | 19 | 9,42 | 1,65 | 0,04* |
|
| 19 | 9,00 | 3,02 | 19 | 9,67 | 3,25 | 0,51 |
Abreviatura: APPF, ângulo de projeção no plano frontal.
Notas: Teste t de Student; *diferença estatisticamente significativa.
Associação entre ângulo do joelho no plano frontal e drop pélvico no teste de descida de um degrau em atletas das categorias de base de uma equipe de futebol
| Valor de r* |
Valor de
| |
|---|---|---|
| Geral (N = 38) | 0,34 | 0,13 |
| Masculino (N = 19) | 0,31 | 0,19 |
| Feminino (N = 19) | 0,35 | 0,14 |
Nota: *Correlação de Pearson .