Xiao Zhang1, Yunhui Gong2, Karen Della Corte3, Dianke Yu4, Hongmei Xue5, Shufang Shan1, Guo Tian1, Yi Liang6, Jieyi Zhang1, Fang He7, Dagang Yang6, Rong Zhou2, Wei Bao8, Anette E Buyken3, Guo Cheng9. 1. Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China. 2. West China Second University Hospital and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China. 3. Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Paderborn University, Germany. 4. School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China. 5. College of Public Health, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of HeBei University, Baoding, Hebei, China. 6. Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China. 7. West China School of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China. 8. Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA. 9. Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China. Electronic address: gcheng@scu.edu.cn.
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS: To date, the prevalence of Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in China was 17.5%. Given the substantial relevance of GDM for medium- and long-term health of both mother and offspring and the paucity of existing data on the link between maternal diet and glucose homeostasis during pregnancy in Asian population, additional studies are needed. To examine the relevance of dietary glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL) and fiber intake before and during pregnancy for the development of GDM and glucose homeostasis over the course of pregnancy. METHODS: Cox proportional hazards analysis and linear mixed effects regressions were performed on data from 9317 women for whom three food frequency questionnaires (pre-pregnancy, 1st and 2nd trimesters) and biochemical measures during pregnancy were available. Investigated outcome variables included GDM risk, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters. RESULTS: Women in the highest tertile of dietary GI (or GL) before pregnancy, in the 1st, or the 2nd trimester respectively had a 12% (15%), 25% (23%) or 29% (25%) higher risk of developing GDM than those in the lowest tertile (all p for trend ≤ 0.02). Women with the highest dietary fiber intake before pregnancy, in the 1st or 2nd trimester had a 11%, 17% or 18% lower GDM risk (all p for trend ≤ 0.03). Moreover, increases in GI or GL and decreases in fiber intake over the course of pregnancy (1st to 3rd trimesters) were independently associated with adverse concurrent developments in FPG, HbA1C and HOMA-IR (p ≤ 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that dietary GI, GL and fiber intake before and during pregnancy affects glucose homeostasis of pregnant Chinese women.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: To date, the prevalence of Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in China was 17.5%. Given the substantial relevance of GDM for medium- and long-term health of both mother and offspring and the paucity of existing data on the link between maternal diet and glucose homeostasis during pregnancy in Asian population, additional studies are needed. To examine the relevance of dietary glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL) and fiber intake before and during pregnancy for the development of GDM and glucose homeostasis over the course of pregnancy. METHODS: Cox proportional hazards analysis and linear mixed effects regressions were performed on data from 9317 women for whom three food frequency questionnaires (pre-pregnancy, 1st and 2nd trimesters) and biochemical measures during pregnancy were available. Investigated outcome variables included GDM risk, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters. RESULTS:Women in the highest tertile of dietary GI (or GL) before pregnancy, in the 1st, or the 2nd trimester respectively had a 12% (15%), 25% (23%) or 29% (25%) higher risk of developing GDM than those in the lowest tertile (all p for trend ≤ 0.02). Women with the highest dietary fiber intake before pregnancy, in the 1st or 2nd trimester had a 11%, 17% or 18% lower GDM risk (all p for trend ≤ 0.03). Moreover, increases in GI or GL and decreases in fiber intake over the course of pregnancy (1st to 3rd trimesters) were independently associated with adverse concurrent developments in FPG, HbA1C and HOMA-IR (p ≤ 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that dietary GI, GL and fiber intake before and during pregnancy affects glucose homeostasis of pregnant Chinese women.
Authors: Nilay S Shah; Michael C Wang; Namratha R Kandula; Mercedes R Carnethon; Erica P Gunderson; William A Grobman; Sadiya S Khan Journal: Am J Prev Med Date: 2021-12-08 Impact factor: 6.604
Authors: Arpita Basu; Jeannette Crew; Jeffrey L Ebersole; Jefferson W Kinney; Arnold M Salazar; Petar Planinic; James M Alexander Journal: Antioxidants (Basel) Date: 2021-08-22