Michael Wendler1, Anja Stenger2, Julian Ripper3, Eva Priewich3, Renan Belli3, Ulrich Lohbauer3. 1. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Concepción, Chile. Electronic address: mwendler@udec.cl. 2. Dental Clinic 1 - Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Research Laboratory for Dental Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany. 3. Dental Clinic 1 - Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Research Laboratory for Dental Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of water storage on the quasi-static properties and cyclic fatigue behavior of four contemporary CAD/CAM resin composite materials. METHODS: The CAD/CAM resin composites Grandio Blocs, LavaTM Ultimate, CerasmartTM and Brilliant Crios, as well as the direct resin composite Grandio SO, were evaluated. Rectangular plates were cut from the blocks or fabricated using a silicon mold to obtain specimens for fracture toughness (KIc, n = 10), biaxial strength (σ0, n = 30) and cyclic fatigue testing (n = 30). Half of the specimens was stored for 24 h in dry conditions and the other half was aged for 60 days in distilled water at 37 °C. KIc was determined using the Compact-Tension (C(T)) method and σ0 and cyclic fatigue were tested using the Ball-on-Three-Balls assembly. Additional disc-shaped specimens (n = 5) were produced to obtain water sorption curves of the materials. Weibull statistics and two-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc test were used for data assessment. RESULTS: The highest water sorption was observed for LavaTM Ultimate (42.6 μg/mm3), whereas Grandio SO displayed the lowest uptake (14 μg/mm3). A statistically significant drop in KIc and σ0 was measured for all materials after water storage, except for the σ0 of CerasmartTM. Water ageing had a dissimilar effect on the cyclic fatigue behavior, increasing the slow crack growth susceptibility of LavaTM Ultimate, but decreasing it for CerasmartTM and Brilliant Crios. SIGNIFICANCE: Contemporary CAD/CAM resin composites are susceptible to water driven degradative processes, although differences in filler content and resin matrix constitution play an important role in how it impacts their mechanical properties.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of water storage on the quasi-static properties and cyclic fatigue behavior of four contemporary CAD/CAMresin composite materials. METHODS: The CAD/CAMresin composites Grandio Blocs, LavaTM Ultimate, CerasmartTM and Brilliant Crios, as well as the direct resin composite Grandio SO, were evaluated. Rectangular plates were cut from the blocks or fabricated using a silicon mold to obtain specimens for fracture toughness (KIc, n = 10), biaxial strength (σ0, n = 30) and cyclic fatigue testing (n = 30). Half of the specimens was stored for 24 h in dry conditions and the other half was aged for 60 days in distilled water at 37 °C. KIc was determined using the Compact-Tension (C(T)) method and σ0 and cyclic fatigue were tested using the Ball-on-Three-Balls assembly. Additional disc-shaped specimens (n = 5) were produced to obtain water sorption curves of the materials. Weibull statistics and two-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc test were used for data assessment. RESULTS: The highest water sorption was observed for LavaTM Ultimate (42.6 μg/mm3), whereas Grandio SO displayed the lowest uptake (14 μg/mm3). A statistically significant drop in KIc and σ0 was measured for all materials after water storage, except for the σ0 of CerasmartTM. Water ageing had a dissimilar effect on the cyclic fatigue behavior, increasing the slow crack growth susceptibility of LavaTM Ultimate, but decreasing it for CerasmartTM and Brilliant Crios. SIGNIFICANCE: Contemporary CAD/CAMresin composites are susceptible to water driven degradative processes, although differences in filler content and resin matrix constitution play an important role in how it impacts their mechanical properties.