| Literature DB >> 33911320 |
Adriana Linares Ballesteros1,2, Roy Sanguino Lobo3, Juan Camilo Villada Valencia1, Oscar Arévalo Leal3, Diana Constanza Plazas Hernández1,2, Nelson Aponte Barrios2, Iván Perdomo Ramírez4.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Acute leukemias are the most frequent malignancies in children. Advances in treatment have improved the overall survival to 80%. Almost 10% of children with cancer develop clinical cardiac toxicity. Total anthracycline cumulative dose is a risk factor for early-onset cardiotoxicity.Entities:
Keywords: anthracyclines; antineoplastic agents; child; drug therapy; echocardiography; leukemia; ventricular dysfunction
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2021 PMID: 33911320 PMCID: PMC8054707 DOI: 10.25100/cm.v52i1.4542
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Colomb Med (Cali) ISSN: 0120-8322
Risk classification of patients with acute lymphoid leukemia.
| Characteristics | Standard risk | Intermediate risk | High risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at diagnosis | >1 year and <6 years | >1 year and <6 years | Any age |
| Leukocytes at diagnosis | <20,000/(L | >20,000/(L | Any leukocyte count |
| Response to steroids at day 15 | Blasts <1,000/(L | Blasts <1,000/(L | Blasts >1,000 /(L |
| Minimal residual bone marrow disease at day 15 | <0.1% | <10% | >10% |
| Bone marrow at day 15 | M1 or M2 | M1 or M2 | M3 |
| Bone marrow at day 33 | M1 | M1 | M2 or M3 |
| Molecular biology | Negative for t (9:22) (BCR/ABL) or t(4:11) (MLL/AF4) | Negative for t (9:22) (BCR/ABL) or t(4:11) (MLL/AF4) | Positive for t (9:22) (BCR/ABL) or t(4:11) (MLL/AF4) or hypodiploidy <45 chromosomes |
Source: table of own elaboration. M1 = <5% blasts by morphology, M2 => 5% and <25% blasts by morphology, M3 => 25% blasts by morphology.
Figure 1Study schema: time of evaluations with echocardiographic measurements, 12-lead electrocardiogram, and with biomarkers, according to type of leukemia.
Demographic characteristics of the study population.
| Variables | LLA RE | LLA RI | LLA RA | LMA | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients (%) | 14 (12.5%) | 42 (27.5%) | 38 (33.9%) | 18 (16%) | 112 (100%) |
| Median age in years (range) | 3.4 (1-6) | 6.6 (1.7-17.2) | 9.4 (1.5-17.7) | 9.0 (1.5-17.0) | 6.35 (1.0- 17.7) |
| Female | 8 (57.1%) | 17 (40.5%) | 13 (34.3%) | 7 (38.9%) | 45 (40.2%) |
| Median weight in kilograms (range) | 12.8 (10.9-25.0) | 20 (10.4-74.0) | 19 (10-73) | 31.5 (10-69) | 20 (10-74) |
| Median height in cms (range) | 97 (86-118) | 118.5 (75-180) | 122.5 (83-181) | 129 (70-167) | 114 (70-181) |
| Accumulated dose of anthracycline mg / m2 | 170 | 220 | 270 | 298 | NA |
ALL: acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ER: standard risk, IR: intermediate risk, AR: high risk.
Early-onset cardiovascular findings according to the type of leukemia.
| Description of the heart condition | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia | Acute myeloid leukemia | TOTAL | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard risk n: 14 | Intermediate risk n: 42 | High risk n: 38 | n: 18 | n: 112 | |
| CDRCT (FEVI <53%) | 0 (0%) | 2(1.8%) | 11(9.8%) | 7(6.3%) | 20(17.9%) |
| ECG abnormalities | 1(0.9%) | 16(14.3%) | 9(8.0%) | * 5(4.4%) | 31(27.6%) |
| Pericardial effusion | 2 (1.8%) | 0 | 7(6.3%) | * 5(4.5%) | 14(12.5%) |
| Valvular insufficiency | 0 | 0 | 2(1.8%) | * 5(4.5%) | 7 (6.2%) |
| Arterial hypertension | 2 (1.8%) | 5(4.5%) | 7(6.3%) | 0 | 14 (12.5%) |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 1 (1.8%) | 5(4.5%) | 9 (8.0%) | 2(1.8%) | 17 (15.1%) |
| No abnormal cardiovascular findings | 8 (57.1%) | 9 (21.4%) | 5 (13.1%) | 5(27.7%) | 27 (24.1%) |
* Patients may have combined electrocardiographic and echocardiographic abnormalities or electrocardiographic abnormalities on more than one evaluation. CDRCT: Cardiac dysfunction related to cancer therapy
Description of echocardiography values by type of leukemia and time of evaluation.
| High-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| At diagnosis (n= 38) | At the end of induction (n = 38) | At the end of consolidation (n = 30) | At the end of reinduction (n = 17) | |
| LVEF (T) median (range) | 66.0 (48- 77) | 65.5 (37- 73) | 70.5 (65- 76) | 64.5 (50- 75) |
| LVEF (S) median (range) | 63.5 (46- 70) | 54.0 (42- 73) | 62.5 (60- 65) | 64.7 (53- 67) |
| FS median (range) | 36.0 (23- 46) | 35.0 (17- 41) | 39.0 (34- 44) | 34.5 (25- 43) |
| TAPSE median (range) | 23 (14- 31) | 19 (12- 25) | 20 (18- 22) | 21 (13- 25) |
| GLS median (range) | -22.0 (-30-18) | -16.6 (-22-15) | -22.5 (-23-22) | -24.2 (-26.3, -18.2) |
| Intermediate-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia | ||||
| n= 42 | n = 41 | n = 40 | n = 36 | |
| LVEF (T) median (range) | 68.5 (54- 78) | 68.5 (48- 79) | 66.0 (56- 74) | 64.5 (46- 74) |
| LVEF (S) median (range) | 62.9 (53.8- 74.0) | 62.1 (54- 71) | 63.0 (54.8- 76.0) | 62.1 (48- 75) |
| FS median (range) | 37.0 (27- 46) | 37.3 (24- 46) | 36.0 (29- 43) | 34.1 (22- 42) |
| TAPSE median (range) | 22.0 (14- 33) | 20.0 (13.5- 26.0) | 22.0 (15- 32) | 21.5 (14- 27) |
| GLS median (range) | -24.4 (-30-18) | -22.5 (-27.5, -17.2) | -23.3 (-31.0-19.6) | -22.7 (-28.0-17.4) |
| Standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia | ||||
| n= 14 | n= 14 | n= 14 | n= 14 | |
| LVEF (T) median (range) | 65.5 (40- 74) | 70.0 (57- 77) | 65.0 (58- 72) | 63.0 (60- 72) |
| LVEF (S) median (range) | 60.2 (38- 65) | 58.6 (55- 63.3) | 60.0 (54.7- 67.7) | 59.0 (55.7- 67.2) |
| FS median (range) | 34.5 (19- 43) | 38.5 (29- 44) | 35.0 (30- 40) | 33.0 (31- 40) |
| TAPSE median (range) | 19.5 (16- 23) | 19.0 (16- 25) | 20.0 (16- 27) | 18.0 (12- 23) |
| GLS median (range) | -23.4 (-26.6, -16.8) | -21.3 (-25.9, -16.3) | -24.1 (-26.7, -20.0) | -23.2 (-31, -19) |
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia | ||||
| n = 18 | At the end of 7+3 (1st cycle), n = 18 | At the end of 7+3 (2nd cycle), n = 18 | At the end of treatment, n = 16 | |
| LVEF (T) median (range) | 68.0 (64- 77) | 68.0 (54- 76) | 64.0 (38- 70) | 63.0 (43- 73) |
| LVEF (S) median (range) | 62.2 (55.5- 74.3) | 63.0 (52.2- 69.8) | 58.8 (32- 71) | 59.9 (41.0- 64.4) |
| FS median (range) | 37.0 (34- 48) | 38.0 (27- 42) | 33.0 (18- 38) | 34.0 (21- 42) |
| TAPSE median (range) | 22.0 (13- 32) | 21.0 (13- 31) | 22.0 (14- 31) | 21.0 (12- 30) |
| GLS median (range) | -21 (-30-15) | -21.2 (-26.8, -17.4) | -21.5 (-27.0, -15.8) | -22.6 (-26.1, -16.1) |
LVEF(T): left ventricular ejection fraction Teicholz method, LVEF (S): left ventricular ejection fraction Simpson method, FS: fraction shortening, TAPSE: tricuspid annular, plane systolic excursion, GLS: global longitudinal strain.
Electrocardiographic alterations found in patients with early-onset condition, by type of leukemia and stage of evaluation.
| At diagnosis (n= 38) | At the end of induction (n = 37) DAA 100 mg / m2. | End of intensification (n = 27) DAA 150 mg / m2. | At the end of reinduction (n = 17) DAA270 mg / m2. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia | ||||
| Electrocardiographic Alterations | ||||
| Pulse generation | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Intraventricular conduction | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Repolarization disorders | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Arrhythmias | 0 | S1, Q3, T3 AV block ^ grade 1 | 0 | 0 |
| At diagnosis (n= 42) | At the end of induction (n = 41) DAA 100 mg / m2 | At end of early intensification (n = 40) | At the end of reinduction (n = 36) DAA: 120 mg/m2 | |
| Intermediate risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia | ||||
| Electrocardiographic Alterations | ||||
| Pulse generation | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Intraventricular conduction | 2 | 0 | 3 | 4 |
| Repolarization disorders | 1 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| Arrhythmias | 0 | 2 arrhythmias: low atrial rhythm | 1 block AV grade 1 1 without data | 1 right branch block 1 TSV * 1 repolarization disorder |
| At diagnosis (n= 14) | At the end of induction (n = 14) DAA 120 mg / m2 | At the end of intensification (n = 13) | At the end of reinduction (n = 13) DAA120 mg / m2 | |
| Standard risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia | ||||
| Electrocardiographic Alterations | ||||
| Pulse generation | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Intraventricular conduction | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Repolarization disorders | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Arrhythmias | 0 | 1 without data | 1 without data | 0 |
| At diagnosis (n= 18) | At the end 7x3 (1) DAA 149 mg / m2. | At the end of cycle 7x3 (2) DAA 149 mg / m2. | At the end of treatment DAA 298 mg / m2. | |
| Acute myeloid leukemia | ||||
| Electrocardiographic Alterations | ||||
| Pulse generation | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Repolarization disorders | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| Arrhythmias | 0 | 1 patient with right bundle branch block | 1 patient with low atrial rhythm | 1 patient with low atrial rhythm |
Source: table of own creation. ÂV: atrioventricular, SVT *: supraventricular tachycardia. DAA: cumulative dose of anthracyclines.
Figure 2Changes in left ventricular ejection fraction by Simpson method by type of leukemia (evaluated with Wilcoxon test, statistically significant differences p <0.05).
Table of results of troponin by type of leukemia and stage of evaluation.
| At diagnosis | At the end of induction | End of intensification | At the end of reinduction | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia | ||||
| n= 38 | n= 37 | n= 27 | n= 17 | |
| Troponin T | ||||
| >40 | 38 | 37 | 26, 1 patient 47 | 17 |
| Troponin I | ||||
| >0.05 | 38 | 37 | 27 | 17 |
| Intermediate risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia | ||||
| n= 42 | n= 41 | n= 40 | n= 36 | |
| Troponin T | ||||
| >40 | 42 | 41 | 40 | 35 1 value of 200 |
| Troponin I | ||||
| >0.05 | 42 | 41 | 40 | 36 |
| Standard risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia | ||||
| n= 14 | n= 14 | n= 13 | n= 13 | |
| Troponin T | ||||
| >40 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 |
| Troponin I | ||||
| >0.05 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 |
| Acute myeloid leukemia | ||||
| At diagnosis | At the end 7x3 (1) | At the end 7x3 (2) | At the end of treatment | |
| Troponin T | ||||
| >40 | 18 | 18 | 17 | 17 |
| 1 patient 116 | ||||
| Troponin I | ||||
| >0.05 | 18 | 18 | 17 | 17 |
Clasificación de riesgo de pacientes con leucemia linfoide aguda.
| Características | Riesgo estándar | Riesgo intermedio | Riesgo alto |
|---|---|---|---|
| Edad al diagnóstico | >1 año y <6 años | >1 año y <6 años | Cualquier edad |
| Leucocitos al diagnóstico | <20,000/(L | >20,000/(L | Cualquier recuento de leucocitos |
| Respuesta a esteroides al día 15 | Blastos <1,000 /(L | Blastos <1,000 /(L | Blastos >1,000 /(L |
| Enfermedad mínima residual en médula ósea al día 15 | <0.1% | <10% | >10% |
| Médula ósea al día 15 | M1 o M2 | M1 o M2 | M3 |
| Médula ósea al día 33 | M1 | M1 | M2 o M3 |
| Biología molecular | Negativo para t(9:22) (BCR/ABL) ó t(4:11) (MLL/AF4) | Negativo para t(9:22) (BCR/ABL) ó t(4:11) (MLL/AF4) | Positivo para t(9:22) (BCR/ABL) ó t(4:11) (MLL/AF4) ó hipodiploidía < 45 cromosomas |
Fuente: tabla de elaboración propia. M1=<5% blastos por morfología, M2 ≥5% y <25% blastos por morfología, M3 ≥25% blastos por morfología.
Figura 1Momentos de evaluaciones con medidas ecocardiográficas, electrocardiograma de 12 derivaciones y con biomarcadores, según patología.
Características demográficas de la población a estudio.
| Variables | LLA RE | LLA RI | LLA RA | LMA | TOTAL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Número de pacientes (%) | 14 (12.5%) | 42 (27.5%) | 38 (33.9%) | 18 (16%) | 112 (100%) |
| Edad en años Mediana (rango) | 3.4 (1-6) | 6.6 (1.7-17.2) | 9.4 (1.5-17.7) | 9.0 (1.5-17.0) | 6.35 (1.0- 17.7) |
| Mujeres | 8 (57.1%) | 17 (40.5%) | 13 (34.3%) | 7 (38.9%) | 45 (40.2%) |
| Peso en kilos Mediana (rango) | 12.8 (10.9-25.0) | 20 (10.4-74.0) | 19 (10-73) | 31.5 (10-69) | 20 (10-74) |
| Talla en cm Mediana (rango) | 97 (86-118) | 118.5 (75-180) | 122.5 (83-181) | 129 (70-167) | 114 (70-181) |
| Dosis acumulada de antraciclina mg/m2 | 170 | 220 | 270 | 298 | NA |
LLA: leucemia linfoblástica aguda, RE: riesgo estándar, RI: riesgo intermedio, RA: riesgo alto.
Alteraciones cardiovasculares de inicio temprano de acuerdo al tipo de leucemia.
| Descripción de la afección cardíaca | leucemia linfoblástica aguda | leucemia mieloide aguda | Total | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Riesgo estándar n: 14 | Riesgo intermedio n: 42 | Riesgo Alto n: 38 | n: 18 | n: 112 | |
| DCRTC (FEVI <53%) | 0 (0%) | 2(1.8%) | 11(9.8%) | 7(6.3%) | 20(17.9%) |
| Alteraciones en el ECG | 1(0.9%) | 16(14.3%) | 9(8.0%) | *5(4.4%) | 31(27.6%) |
| Derrame pericárdico | 2 (1.8%) | 0 | 7(6.3%) | *5(4.5%) | 14(12.5%) |
| Insuficiencia valvular | 0 | 0 | 2(1.8%) | *5(4.5%) | 7 (6.2%) |
| Hipertensión arterial | 2 (1.8%) | 5(4.5%) | 7(6.3%) | 0 | 14 (12.5%) |
| Hipertensión pulmonar | 1 (1.8%) | 5(4.5%) | 9 (8.0%) | 2(1.8%) | 17 (15.1%) |
| Sin hallazgos cardiovasculares anormales | 8 (57.1%) | 9 (21.4%) | 5 (13.1%) | 5(27.7%) | 27 (24.1%) |
* Pueden tener alteraciones electrocardiográficas y ecocardiográficas combinadas o pueden tener alteraciones electrocardiográficas en más de una evaluación. DCRTC: Disfunción cardiaca relacionada con la terapia para el cáncer. ECG: electrocardiograma
Descripción de los valores de ecocardiografía por tipo de leucemia y momento de evaluación.
| Leucemia linfoblástica aguda de riesgo alto | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Al diagnóstico (n=38) | Al final de la inducción (n=38) | Al final consolidación (n=30) | Al final de reinducción (n=17) | |
| FEVI (T) mediana (rango) | 66.0 (48-77) | 65.5 (37-73) | 70.5 (65-76) | 64.5 (50-75) |
| FEVI (S) mediana (rango) | 63.5 (46-70) | 54.0 (42-73) | 62.5 (60-65) | 64.7 (53-67) |
| FA mediana (rango) | 36.0 (23-46) | 35.0 (17-41) | 39.0 (34-44) | 34.5 (25-43) |
| TAPSE mediana (rango) | 23 (14-31) | 19 (12-25) | 20 (18-22) | 21 (13-25) |
| GLS mediana (rango) | -22.0 (-30 -18) | -16.6 (-22 -15) | -22.5 (-23 -22) | -24.2 (-26.3,-18.2) |
| Leucemia linfoblástica aguda de riesgo intermedio | ||||
| Al diagnóstico (n=42) | Al final de la inducción (n=41) | Al final consolidación (n=40) | Al final de reinducción (n=36) | |
| FEVI (T) mediana (rango) | 68.5 (54-78) | 68.5 (48-79) | 66.0 (56-74) | 64.5 (46-74) |
| FEVI (S) mediana (rango) | 62.9 (53.8-74.0) | 62.1 (54-71) | 63.0 (54.8-76.0) | 62.1 (48-75) |
| FA mediana (rango) | 37.0 (27-46) | 37.3 (24-46) | 36.0 (29-43) | 34.1 (22-42) |
| TAPSE mediana (rango) | 22.0 (14-33) | 20.0 (13.5-26.0) | 22.0 (15-32) | 21.5 (14-27) |
| GLS mediana (rango) | -24.4 (-30 -18) | -22.5 (-27.5,-17.2) | -23.3 (-31.0 -19.6) | -22.7 (-28.0 ,-17.4) |
| Leucemia linfoblástica aguda de riesgo estándar | ||||
| Al diagnóstico (n=14) | Al final de la inducción (n=14) | Al final consolidación (n=14) | Al final de reinducción (n= 14) | |
| FEVI (T) mediana (rango) | 65.5 (40-74) | 70.0 (57-77) | 65.0 (58-72) | 63.0 (60-72) |
| FEVI (S) mediana (rango) | 60.2 (38-65) | 58.6 (55-63,3) | 60.0 (54.7-67.7) | 59.0 (55.7-67.2) |
| FA mediana (rango) | 34.5 (19-43) | 38.5 (29-44) | 35.0 (30-40) | 33.0 (31-40) |
| TAPSE mediana (rango) | 19.5 (16-23) | 19.0 (16-25) | 20.0 (16-27) | 18.0 (12-23) |
| GLS mediana (rango) | -23.4 (-26.6,-16.8) | -21.3 (-25.9,-16.3) | -24.1 (-26.7,-20.0) | -23.2 (-31,-19) |
| Leucemia mieloide aguda | ||||
| Al diagnóstico n= 18 | Al finalizar 7+3 (1er ciclo) n=18 | Al finalizar 7+3 (2º ciclo) n=18 | Al fin de tratamiento n=16 | |
| FEVI (T) mediana (rango) | 68.0 (64-77) | 68.0 (54-76) | 64.0 (38-70) | 63.0 (43-73) |
| FEVI (S) mediana (rango) | 62.2 (55,5-74,3) | 63.0 (52.2-69.8) | 58.8 (32-71) | 59.9 (41.0-64.4) |
| FA mediana (rango) | 37.0 (34-48) | 38.0 (27-42) | 33.0 (18-38) | 34.0 (21-42) |
| TAPSE mediana (rango) | 22.0 (13-32) | 21.0 (13-31) | 22.0 (14-31) | 21.0 (12-30) |
| GLS mediana (rango) | -21 (-30 -15) | -21.2 (-26.8, -17.4 ) | -21.5 (-27.0,-15.8) | -22.6 (-26.1,-16.1) |
Fuente: tabla de creación propia. FEVI (T): fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda por método Teicholz, FEVI (S): fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda por método Simpson, FA: fracción de acortamiento, TAPSE: desplazamiento sistólico del plano del anillo tricuspídeo, GLS: deformidad longitudinal global.
Alteraciones electrocardiográficas encontradas en pacientes con afección de inicio temprano, por tipo de leucemia y etapa de evaluación.
| Al diagnóstico | Al final de la inducción DAA 100 mg/m2 | Final intensificación DAA 150 mg/m2 | Al final de reinducción DAA270 mg/m2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leucemia linfoblástica aguda riesgo alto | ||||
| n= 38 | n= 37 | n= 27 | n= 17 | |
| Alteraciones Electrocardiográficas | ||||
| Generación de impulsos | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Conducción Intraventricular | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Trastornos de repolarización | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Arritmias | 0 | S1, Q3, T3. bloqueo AV grado 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Leucemia linfoblástica aguda riesgo intermedio | ||||
| n= 42 | n= 41 | n= 40 | n= 36 | |
| Alteraciones Electrocardiográficas | ||||
| Generación de impulso | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Conducción Intraventricular | 2 | 0 | 3 | 4 |
| Trastornos de repolarización | 1 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| Arritmias | 0 | 2 arritmias: ritmo auricular bajo | 1 bloqueo AV grado 1. 1 sin dato | 1 bloqueo rama derecha. 1 TSV*. 1 trastorno de repolarización |
| Leucemia linfoblástica aguda riesgo estándar | ||||
| n= 14 | n= 14 | n= 13 | n= 13 | |
| Alteraciones Electrocardiográficas | ||||
| Generación de impulsos | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Conducción Intraventricular | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Trastornos de repolarización | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Arritmias | 0 | 1 sin dato | 1 sin dato | 0 |
| Leucemia mieloide aguda | ||||
| n= 18 | Al final 7+3 (1) DAA 149 mg/m2 | Al final 7+3 (2) DAA 149 mg/m2 | Al final de tratamiento DAA 298 mg/m2 | |
| Alteraciones Electrocardiográficas | ||||
| Generación de impulsos | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Trastornos de repolarización | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| Arritmias | 0 | 1 paciente con bloqueo rama derecha | 1 paciente con ritmo auricular bajo | 1 paciente con ritmo auricular bajo |
AV: auriculo ventricular, TSV*: taquicardia supraventricular. DAA: dosis acumuladas de antraciclinas.
Figura 2Cambios en la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo por método de Simpson por tipo de leucemia (evaluada con test de Wilcoxon, diferencias estadísticamente significativas p <0.05). FEVI(s): fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda por método Simpson; LLA: leucemia linfoblástica aguda, LMA: leucemia mieloide aguda
Tabla de resultados de troponinas por tipo de leucemia y etapa de evaluación.
| Al diagnóstico | Al final de la inducción | Al final consolidación | Al final de reinducción | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leucemia linfoblástica aguda riesgo alto | ||||
| n= 38 | n= 37 | n= 27 | n= 17 | |
| Troponina T | ||||
| >40 | 38 | 37 | 26, 1 paciente 47 | 17 |
| Troponina I | ||||
| >0.05 | 38 | 37 | 27 | 17 |
| Leucemia linfoblástica aguda riesgo intermedio | ||||
| n= 42 | n= 41 | n= 40 | n= 36 | |
| Troponina T | ||||
| >40 | 42 | 41 | 40 | 35 1 valor de 200 |
| Troponina I | ||||
| >0.05 | 42 | 41 | 40 | 36 |
| Leucemia linfoblástica aguda riesgo bajo | ||||
| n= 14 | n= 14 | n= 13 | n= 13 | |
| Troponina T | ||||
| >40 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 |
| Troponina I | ||||
| >0.05 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 |
| Leucemia mieloide aguda | ||||
| Al diagnostico | Al final 7x3 (1) | Al final 7x3 (2) | Al final de tto | |
| Troponina T | ||||
| >40 | 18 | 18 | 17 | 17 |
| 1 paciente 116 | ||||
| Troponina I | ||||
| >0.05 | 18 | 18 | 17 | 17 |
| 1) Why was this study conducted? |
| There are few prospective studies on the frequency of early cardiac toxicity in children receiving chemotherapy and possible predictors of this toxicity in children receiving acute leukemia treatment. |
| 2) What were the most relevant results of the study? |
| Up to 75% of children have some abnormal cardiovascular finding during treatment. The usefulness of advanced echocardiography tools in predicting the risk of cardiac compromise with significant OR. We established GLS and GLS delta’s role as possible early markers of cardiac toxicity in children who received treatment for acute leukemias. Biomarkers were not predictors of cardiotoxicity in this study. The relationship between cardiac disease and cumulative anthracycline doses was demonstrated. |
| 3) What do these results contribute? |
| Motivating the identification of cardiovascular compromise as an adverse effect of chemotherapy in children during cancer treatment and promoting measures to mitigate it, such as the use of cardiac protection strategies. It is necessary to conduct long-term follow-up of leukemia survivors to identify late chronic cardiovascular effects. |
| 1) ¿Por qué se realizó este estudio? |
| Hay pocos estudios prospectivos sobre la frecuencia de toxicidad cardiaca temprana en niños que reciben quimioterapia y sobre los posibles predictores de esta toxicidad en niños que reciben tratamiento para leucemia aguda. |
| 2) ¿Cuáles fueron los resultados más relevantes del estudio? |
| Motivar la identificación del compromiso cardiovascular como efecto adverso de la quimioterapia en los niños durante el tratamiento de cáncer y promover medidas para mitigarla como el uso de estrategias de protección cardiaca. Es necesario seguir a largo plazo a los supervivientes de leucemias para identificar los efectos cardiovasculares crónicos tardíos. |
| 3¿Qué aportan estos resultados? |
| Motivar la identificación del compromiso cardiovascular como efecto adverso de la quimioterapia en los niños durante el tratamiento de cáncer y promover medidas para mitigarla como el uso de estrategias de protección cardiaca. Es necesario seguir a largo plazo a los supervivientes de leucemias para identificar los efectos cardiovasculares crónicos tardíos. |