Qifan Tan1, Haoyang Li1, Mengjun Yu1, Xiaonan Tang1, Jinjing Tan2, Shucai Zhang1, Jinghui Wang1,2. 1. Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China. 2. Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is the most common malignancy world-wide. There are a variety of immune infiltrating cells in tumor microenvironment, which is an important component of tumor immunity and has clinical significance for the prognosis of patients. CD45RO is a surface marker of memory T cells. The expression of CD45RO⁺ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is associated with the prognosis of many tumors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the density of CD45RO⁺ TILs in tumor and stromal area and the clinical characteristics of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its impact on the prognosis of patients. We aimed to explore the clinical value of CD45RO⁺ TILs and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) as prognostic markers. METHODS: Multiple fluorescent immunohistochemical staining was used to stain the tissue microarray chips of 167 patients with NSCLC, marking CD45RO, cytokeratin (CK) and PD-L1. Using artificial intelligence image recognition technology and tumor cell-specific CK staining, divide the tumor and stromal area in the tissue, evaluate the density of CD45RO⁺ TILs in the tumor and stromal area, and the expression level of PD-L1 in tumor cells. The non-parametric test was used to analyze the relationship between CD45RO⁺ TILs and the clinical characteristics of patients, and the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox risk ratio model were used to analyze the relationship between CD45RO⁺ TILs independently or in combination with PD-L1 and tumor prognosis. RESULTS: The density of CD45RO⁺ TILs was significantly associated with patient age, smoking, tumor stage, and pathological type. Single-factor survival analysis showed that NSCLC (P=0.007) stromal region and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) (P<0.001) with CD45RO⁺ TILs high density had better OS. Multivariate survival analysis showed that the high density of CD45RO⁺ TILs in the stromal region of NSCLC (HR=0.559, 95%CI: 0.377-0.829, P=0.004) and lung adenocarcinoma (HR=0.352, 95%CI: 0.193-0.641, P=0.001) were independent prognostic factors for overall survival time (OS). Combined with PD-L1 score of tumor cells in tumor tissues and infiltration score of CD45RO⁺ TILs in all tumor tissues, the patients were divided into 4 groups: patients with PD-L1⁺/CD45RO⁺ had the longest disease-free survival (DFS) time, and patients with PD-L1⁺/CD45RO- had the shortest DFS time. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that PD-L1⁺/CD45RO- was an independent prognostic factor for DFS and had a higher risk of poor prognosis compared to the other three groups (HR=2.221, 95%CI: 1.258-3.919, P=0.006). CONCLUSIONS: In tumor tissues, the density of CD45RO⁺ TILs, as well as the combination of CD45RO⁺ TILs and PD-L1 in tumor areas, significantly correlated with clinicopathological features and prognosis of NSCLC, which can be used as a new prognosis marker.
BACKGROUND:Lung cancer is the most common malignancy world-wide. There are a variety of immune infiltrating cells in tumor microenvironment, which is an important component of tumor immunity and has clinical significance for the prognosis of patients. CD45RO is a surface marker of memory T cells. The expression of CD45RO⁺ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is associated with the prognosis of many tumors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the density of CD45RO⁺ TILs in tumor and stromal area and the clinical characteristics of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its impact on the prognosis of patients. We aimed to explore the clinical value of CD45RO⁺ TILs and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) as prognostic markers. METHODS: Multiple fluorescent immunohistochemical staining was used to stain the tissue microarray chips of 167 patients with NSCLC, marking CD45RO, cytokeratin (CK) and PD-L1. Using artificial intelligence image recognition technology and tumor cell-specific CK staining, divide the tumor and stromal area in the tissue, evaluate the density of CD45RO⁺ TILs in the tumor and stromal area, and the expression level of PD-L1 in tumor cells. The non-parametric test was used to analyze the relationship between CD45RO⁺ TILs and the clinical characteristics of patients, and the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox risk ratio model were used to analyze the relationship between CD45RO⁺ TILs independently or in combination with PD-L1 and tumor prognosis. RESULTS: The density of CD45RO⁺ TILs was significantly associated with patient age, smoking, tumor stage, and pathological type. Single-factor survival analysis showed that NSCLC (P=0.007) stromal region and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) (P<0.001) with CD45RO⁺ TILs high density had better OS. Multivariate survival analysis showed that the high density of CD45RO⁺ TILs in the stromal region of NSCLC (HR=0.559, 95%CI: 0.377-0.829, P=0.004) and lung adenocarcinoma (HR=0.352, 95%CI: 0.193-0.641, P=0.001) were independent prognostic factors for overall survival time (OS). Combined with PD-L1 score of tumor cells in tumor tissues and infiltration score of CD45RO⁺ TILs in all tumor tissues, the patients were divided into 4 groups: patients with PD-L1⁺/CD45RO⁺ had the longest disease-free survival (DFS) time, and patients with PD-L1⁺/CD45RO- had the shortest DFS time. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that PD-L1⁺/CD45RO- was an independent prognostic factor for DFS and had a higher risk of poor prognosis compared to the other three groups (HR=2.221, 95%CI: 1.258-3.919, P=0.006). CONCLUSIONS: In tumor tissues, the density of CD45RO⁺ TILs, as well as the combination of CD45RO⁺ TILs and PD-L1 in tumor areas, significantly correlated with clinicopathological features and prognosis of NSCLC, which can be used as a new prognosis marker.
Entities:
Keywords:
CD45RO; Lung neoplasms; Prognosis; Programmed cell death ligand 1
Significance of CD45RO+ TILs with clinicopathologic characteristics in non-small cell lung cancer. A: according to age; B: according to smoking; C: according to clinical stage; D: according to pathological type. TILs: tumor infiltrating lymphocytes; ADC: lung adenocarcinoma; SCC: lung squamous cell carcinoma
Relationship between CD45RO+ TILs and clinicopathological features in lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma. A: relationship between CD45RO+ TILs density and smoking in lung adenocarcinoma; B: relationship between CD45RO+ TILs density and clinical stage in lung squamous cell carcinoma.
非小细胞肺癌中CD45RO+ TILs与临床病理特征的关系。A:根据年龄;B:根据吸烟;C:根据临床分期;D:根据病理类型。Significance of CD45RO+ TILs with clinicopathologic characteristics in non-small cell lung cancer. A: according to age; B: according to smoking; C: according to clinical stage; D: according to pathological type. TILs: tumor infiltrating lymphocytes; ADC: lung adenocarcinoma; SCC: lung squamous cell carcinoma肺腺癌及肺鳞癌中CD45RO+ TILs与临床病理特征的关系。A:肺腺癌中CD45RO+ TILs密度与吸烟的关系;B:肺鳞癌CD45RO+ TILs密度与临床分期的关系Relationship between CD45RO+ TILs and clinicopathological features in lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma. A: relationship between CD45RO+ TILs density and smoking in lung adenocarcinoma; B: relationship between CD45RO+ TILs density and clinical stage in lung squamous cell carcinoma.
Kaplan-Meier curves for Correlations of CD45RO+ TILs with disease-free survival and overall survival. A: the density of CD45RO+ TILs in the stromal compartment of non-small cell lung cancer was significantly associated with patient overall survival; B: the density of CD45RO+ TILs in the stromal compartment of lung adenocarcinoma was strongly associated with patient disease-free survival; C: the density of CD45RO+ TILs in the stromal region of lung adenocarcinoma was strongly associated with patients' OS; OS: overall survival; DFS: disease-free survival.
表 2
多因素分析CD45RO+ TILs在非小细胞肺癌中的总生存期
Multivariate analysis of CD45RO+ TILs in non-small cell lung cancer overall survival
HR
95%CI
P
Smoke (Yes vs No)
1.215
0.809-1.826
0.348
Stage (Ⅰ+Ⅱ vs Ⅲ)
0.443
0.246-0.797
0.007
Stroma CD45RO (High vs Low)
0.559
0.377-0.829
0.004
Node metastasis (1=Positive; 0=Negative)
1.023
0.571-1.833
0.940
表 3
多因素分析CD45RO+ TILs在肺腺癌中的总生存期
Multivariate analysis of overall survival of CD45RO+ TILs in lung adenocarcinoma
HR
95%CI
P
Smoke (Yes vs No)
1.125
0.643-1.967
0.68
Stage (Ⅰ+Ⅱ vs Ⅲ)
0.397
0.160-0.984
0.046
Stroma CD45RO (High vs Low)
0.352
0.193-0.641
0.001
Node metastasis (1=Positive; 0=Negative)
0.911
0.371-2.236
0.838
CD45RO+ TILs与无病生存期以及总生存期的Kaplan-Meier曲线分析。A:非小细胞肺癌基质区CD45RO+ TILs密度与患者总生存期显著相关;B:肺腺癌基质区CD45RO+ TILs密度与患者无病生存期密切相关;C:肺腺癌基质区CD45RO+ TILs密度与患者总生存期密切相关。Kaplan-Meier curves for Correlations of CD45RO+ TILs with disease-free survival and overall survival. A: the density of CD45RO+ TILs in the stromal compartment of non-small cell lung cancer was significantly associated with patient overall survival; B: the density of CD45RO+ TILs in the stromal compartment of lung adenocarcinoma was strongly associated with patient disease-free survival; C: the density of CD45RO+ TILs in the stromal region of lung adenocarcinoma was strongly associated with patients' OS; OS: overall survival; DFS: disease-free survival.多因素分析CD45RO+ TILs在非小细胞肺癌中的总生存期Multivariate analysis of CD45RO+ TILs in non-small cell lung cancer overall survival多因素分析CD45RO+ TILs在肺腺癌中的总生存期Multivariate analysis of overall survival of CD45RO+ TILs in lung adenocarcinoma
Kaplan-Meier curves for correlations of CD45RO+ TILs and PD-L1 expression with disease-free survival and overall survival. A: patients with non-small cell lung cancer in the PD-L1+/CD45RO+ group had the longest disease-free survival and those in the PD-L1+/CD45RO- group had the shortest; B: non-small cell lung cancer patients in the PD-L1+/CD45RO+ group had the longest overall survival and those in the PD-L1+/CD45RO- group had the shortest overall survival; C: in lung adenocarcinoma, the PD-L1-/CD45RO+ group had better overall survival than the other three groups
表 4
多因素分析CD45RO+ TILs和PD-L1双标记在非小细胞肺癌中的无病生存期
Multivariate analysis of CD45RO+ TILs and PD-L1 double markers for disease-free survival in non-small cell lung cancer
HR
95%CI
P
*Group 2=PD-L1+/CD45RO-; PD-L1: programmed cell death ligand 1
Smoke (Yes vs No)
0.808
0.499-1.309
0.387
Stage (Ⅰ+Ⅱ vs Ⅲ)
0.561
0.279-1.130
0.106
Combine CD45RO+PD-L1 (Group 2 vs Others) *
2.221
1.258-3.919
0.006
Node metastasis (1=Positive; 0=Negative)
1.705
0.846-3.44
0.136
表 5
多因素分析CD45RO+ TILs和PD-L1双标记在非小细胞肺癌中的总生存期
Multivariate analysis of CD45RO+ TILs and PD-L1 double markers for overall survival in non-small cell lung cancer
HR
95%CI
P
*Group2=PD-L1+/CD45RO-
Smoke (Yes vs No)
1.118
0.744-1.679
0.592
Stage (Ⅰ+Ⅱ vs Ⅲ)
0.439
0.251-0.768
0.004
Combine CD45RO+PD-L1 (Group 2 vs Others) *
1.781
1.114-2.845
0.016
Node metastasis (1=Positive; 0=Negative)
1.057
0.609-1.834
0.845
表 6
多因素分析CD45RO+ TILs和PD-L1双标记在肺腺癌中的总生存期
Multivariate analysis of CD45RO+ TILs and PD-L1 double markers for overall survival in lung adenocarcinoma
HR
95%CI
P
*Group3=PD-L1-/CD45RO+
Smoke (Yes vs No)
0.97
0.552-1.704
0.916
Stage (Ⅰ+Ⅱ vs Ⅲ)
0.488
0.213-1.120
0.091
Combine CD45RO+PD-L1 (Group3 vs Others)*
0.446
0.225-0.885
0.021
Node metastasis (1=Positive; 0=Negative)
1.125
0.496-2.547
0.778
CD45RO+ TILs联合PD-L1的表达与无病生存期以及总生存期的Kaplan-Meier分析。A:PD-L1+/CD45RO+组非小细胞肺癌患者无病生存期最长,PD-L1+/CD45RO-组最短;B:PD-L1+/CD45RO+组非小细胞肺癌患者总生存期最长,PD-L1+/CD45RO-组最短;C:在肺腺癌中,PD-L1-/CD45RO+组较其他三组有更好的总生存期Kaplan-Meier curves for correlations of CD45RO+ TILs and PD-L1 expression with disease-free survival and overall survival. A: patients with non-small cell lung cancer in the PD-L1+/CD45RO+ group had the longest disease-free survival and those in the PD-L1+/CD45RO- group had the shortest; B: non-small cell lung cancerpatients in the PD-L1+/CD45RO+ group had the longest overall survival and those in the PD-L1+/CD45RO- group had the shortest overall survival; C: in lung adenocarcinoma, the PD-L1-/CD45RO+ group had better overall survival than the other three groups多因素分析CD45RO+ TILs和PD-L1双标记在非小细胞肺癌中的无病生存期Multivariate analysis of CD45RO+ TILs and PD-L1 double markers for disease-free survival in non-small cell lung cancer多因素分析CD45RO+ TILs和PD-L1双标记在非小细胞肺癌中的总生存期Multivariate analysis of CD45RO+ TILs and PD-L1 double markers for overall survival in non-small cell lung cancer多因素分析CD45RO+ TILs和PD-L1双标记在肺腺癌中的总生存期Multivariate analysis of CD45RO+ TILs and PD-L1 double markers for overall survival in lung adenocarcinoma
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