Zhe Xu1, Jianyang Bai1, Lu Li1, Liwei Liang1, Xiaoqian Ma1,2, Ling Ma1. 1. Department of Forest Protection, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China. 2. Institute of Forest Protection, Heilongjiang Academy of Forestry, Harbin, 150081, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) is one of the most important pests in the world. Emamectin benzoate (EMB) is widely used in the control of agricultural and forestry pests. Here, we explored the sublethal effects of EMB on gypsy moths in order to better understand the toxicological mechanism of EMB. RESULTS: The sublethal concentration of EMB exposure significantly decreased the larvae body weight. To further explore the mechanism, indicators related to digestion and nutrient metabolism were detected. The results showed that EMB exposure caused the midgut damage, reduced the activities of digestive enzymes and changed the content of sugar and amino acids. Moreover, the expression of insulin/PI3K/FoxO pathway and sugar metabolism-related genes was abnormal. The expression of insulin receptor (InR), chico, PI3K, and protein kinase B (Akt) significantly reduced, and that of phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) and FoxO increased. The expression of glycogen phosphorylase (GP) was upregulation and that of glycogen synthase (GS), trehalase (TRE) and trehalose-phosphate synthase (TPS) were downregulation. All results indicated that EMB inhibits the growth of gypsy moth by inducing midgut injury, digestive dysfunction and nutrient metabolism disorder. In addition, EMB caused midgut injury maybe related to apoptosis or a collateral effect of the damage in other tissues, and more extensive and deeper researches are still needed to investigate the detailed mechanism. CONCLUSION: Our findings strengthen the understanding of the sublethal effect of EMB, and provide a theoretical basis for the application of EMB in the prevention and control of gypsy moth. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
BACKGROUND:Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) is one of the most important pests in the world. Emamectin benzoate (EMB) is widely used in the control of agricultural and forestry pests. Here, we explored the sublethal effects of EMB on gypsy moths in order to better understand the toxicological mechanism of EMB. RESULTS: The sublethal concentration of EMB exposure significantly decreased the larvae body weight. To further explore the mechanism, indicators related to digestion and nutrient metabolism were detected. The results showed that EMB exposure caused the midgut damage, reduced the activities of digestive enzymes and changed the content of sugar and amino acids. Moreover, the expression of insulin/PI3K/FoxO pathway and sugar metabolism-related genes was abnormal. The expression of insulin receptor (InR), chico, PI3K, and protein kinase B (Akt) significantly reduced, and that of phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) and FoxO increased. The expression of glycogen phosphorylase (GP) was upregulation and that of glycogen synthase (GS), trehalase (TRE) and trehalose-phosphate synthase (TPS) were downregulation. All results indicated that EMB inhibits the growth of gypsy moth by inducing midgut injury, digestive dysfunction and nutrient metabolism disorder. In addition, EMB caused midgut injury maybe related to apoptosis or a collateral effect of the damage in other tissues, and more extensive and deeper researches are still needed to investigate the detailed mechanism. CONCLUSION: Our findings strengthen the understanding of the sublethal effect of EMB, and provide a theoretical basis for the application of EMB in the prevention and control of gypsy moth. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Authors: Maria C Boukouvala; Nickolas G Kavallieratos; Anna Skourti; Xavier Pons; Carmen López Alonso; Matilde Eizaguirre; Enrique Benavent Fernandez; Elena Domínguez Solera; Sergio Fita; Tanja Bohinc; Stanislav Trdan; Paraskevi Agrafioti; Christos G Athanassiou Journal: Insects Date: 2022-09-19 Impact factor: 3.139