Temesgen Fiseha1, Worku Alemu1, Henok Dereje1, Zemenu Tamir2, Angesom Gebreweld3. 1. Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia. 2. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 3. Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Data on the burden of dyslipidaemia among people with HIV undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa are limited and little is known about the factors contributing for poor lipid profiles. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dyslipidaemia and factors associated with lipid levels among HIV-infected patients receiving first-line combination ART in North Shewa, Ethiopia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted between April and December 2018 among 392 HIV-infected adults receiving first-line ART for at least six months at the ART clinic of Mehal Meda Hospital in North Shewa, Ethiopia. Blood samples were collected for determination of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and CD4 counts. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with lipid abnormalities. RESULTS: The prevalence of dyslipidaemia was 59.9% (95% CI 55.0-64.7%). High TC, high TG, low HDL-c, and high LDL-c were obtained in 47.3%, 30.9%, 19.4% and 29.6%, respectively. Fifty-four participants (13.8%) had high ratio of TC/HDL-c (TC/HDL-c ratio ≥ 5). Older age was independently associated with high TC (AOR = 2.51, 95% CI 1.64-3.84), high TG (AOR = 2.95, 95% CI 1.85-4.71), low HDL-c (AOR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.17-3.50), and high LDL-c (AOR = 3.37, 95% CI 2.08-5.47). Living in an urban area (AOR = 2.61, 95% CI 1.16-6.14) and smoking (AOR = 3.61, 95% CI 1.06-12.34) were associated with low HDL-c. Participants with longer duration of ART use were more likely to have high TG (AOR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.13-3.07), low HDL-c (AOR = 3.47, 95% CI: 1.75-6.80), and high LDL-c (AOR = 2.20, 95% CI 1.30-3.71). High BMI was independently associated with higher TC (AOR = 2.43, 95% CI 1.19-4.97), high TG (AOR = 4.17, 95% CI 2.01-8.67) and high LDL-c (AOR = 6.53, 95% CI 3.05-13.98). CONCLUSIONS: We found a high prevalence of dyslipidaemia among HIV-infected patients receiving first-line ART in North Shewa, Ethiopia. There is a need for monitoring of blood lipid levels in patients with HIV on long term first-line ART with a special attention to be focused on older age, urban residents, longer duration of ART use, high BMI and smokers.
BACKGROUND: Data on the burden of dyslipidaemia among people with HIV undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa are limited and little is known about the factors contributing for poor lipid profiles. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dyslipidaemia and factors associated with lipid levels among HIV-infectedpatients receiving first-line combination ART in North Shewa, Ethiopia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted between April and December 2018 among 392 HIV-infected adults receiving first-line ART for at least six months at the ART clinic of Mehal Meda Hospital in North Shewa, Ethiopia. Blood samples were collected for determination of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and CD4 counts. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with lipid abnormalities. RESULTS: The prevalence of dyslipidaemia was 59.9% (95% CI 55.0-64.7%). High TC, high TG, low HDL-c, and high LDL-c were obtained in 47.3%, 30.9%, 19.4% and 29.6%, respectively. Fifty-four participants (13.8%) had high ratio of TC/HDL-c (TC/HDL-c ratio ≥ 5). Older age was independently associated with high TC (AOR = 2.51, 95% CI 1.64-3.84), high TG (AOR = 2.95, 95% CI 1.85-4.71), low HDL-c (AOR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.17-3.50), and high LDL-c (AOR = 3.37, 95% CI 2.08-5.47). Living in an urban area (AOR = 2.61, 95% CI 1.16-6.14) and smoking (AOR = 3.61, 95% CI 1.06-12.34) were associated with low HDL-c. Participants with longer duration of ART use were more likely to have high TG (AOR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.13-3.07), low HDL-c (AOR = 3.47, 95% CI: 1.75-6.80), and high LDL-c (AOR = 2.20, 95% CI 1.30-3.71). High BMI was independently associated with higher TC (AOR = 2.43, 95% CI 1.19-4.97), high TG (AOR = 4.17, 95% CI 2.01-8.67) and high LDL-c (AOR = 6.53, 95% CI 3.05-13.98). CONCLUSIONS: We found a high prevalence of dyslipidaemia among HIV-infectedpatients receiving first-line ART in North Shewa, Ethiopia. There is a need for monitoring of blood lipid levels in patients with HIV on long term first-line ART with a special attention to be focused on older age, urban residents, longer duration of ART use, high BMI and smokers.