João Paulo L F Guilherme1, Yulia V Shikhova2, Rimma R Dondukovskaya2,3, Alexandra A Topanova2,4, Ekaterina A Semenova5,6, Irina V Astratenkova2,7, Ildus I Ahmetov2,8,9,10. 1. Laboratory of Applied Nutrition and Metabolism, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. 2. Sports Genetics Laboratory, St Petersburg Research Institute of Physical Culture, St Petersburg, Russia. 3. Weider College of Fitness and Bodybuilding, St Petersburg, Russia. 4. Institute of Medical Education, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St Petersburg, Russia. 5. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia. 6. Sport Technology Research Center, Volga Region State University of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, Kazan, Russia. 7. Department of Physiology, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia. 8. Department of Physical Education, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia. 9. Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia. 10. Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The androgen receptor (AR) gene contains a polymorphic trinucleotide (CAG) microsatellite repeat sequence (short or long alleles) that has been associated with fat-free mass in untrained men, which needs to be replicated in athletic cohorts. AIM: The purpose of this study was to explore the AR (CAG)n polymorphism in trained individuals. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 61 professional bodybuilders (40 males, 21 females), 73 elite male sprinters and weightlifters and 186 male controls were enrolled in this study. The influence of the AR (CAG)n polymorphism on muscle mass and strength was assessed in bodybuilders, while the frequencies of AR (CAG)n alleles were compared between power athletes and non-athletes. RESULTS: The polymorphism was associated with anthropometric and strength measurements in bodybuilders of both genders. Those with ≥21 CAG repeats (i.e. carriers of long alleles) exhibited greater (p < 0.05) body mass index, absolute muscle mass, arm/thigh circumference and upper/lower limb strength compared to those with <21 CAG repeats. Furthermore, carriers of ≥21 CAG repeats were more frequent among power athletes compared to controls (p = 0.0076). CONCLUSIONS: Long alleles of the AR (CAG)n polymorphism were associated with greater muscle mass and strength in bodybuilders, and power athlete status.
BACKGROUND: The androgen receptor (AR) gene contains a polymorphic trinucleotide (CAG) microsatellite repeat sequence (short or long alleles) that has been associated with fat-free mass in untrained men, which needs to be replicated in athletic cohorts. AIM: The purpose of this study was to explore the AR (CAG)n polymorphism in trained individuals. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 61 professional bodybuilders (40 males, 21 females), 73 elite male sprinters and weightlifters and 186 male controls were enrolled in this study. The influence of the AR (CAG)n polymorphism on muscle mass and strength was assessed in bodybuilders, while the frequencies of AR (CAG)n alleles were compared between power athletes and non-athletes. RESULTS: The polymorphism was associated with anthropometric and strength measurements in bodybuilders of both genders. Those with ≥21 CAG repeats (i.e. carriers of long alleles) exhibited greater (p < 0.05) body mass index, absolute muscle mass, arm/thigh circumference and upper/lower limb strength compared to those with <21 CAG repeats. Furthermore, carriers of ≥21 CAG repeats were more frequent among power athletes compared to controls (p = 0.0076). CONCLUSIONS: Long alleles of the AR (CAG)n polymorphism were associated with greater muscle mass and strength in bodybuilders, and power athlete status.
Authors: João Paulo L F Guilherme; Ekaterina A Semenova; Oleg V Borisov; Andrey K Larin; Ethan Moreland; Edward V Generozov; Ildus I Ahmetov Journal: Eur J Appl Physiol Date: 2021-11-18 Impact factor: 3.078
Authors: Valentina Ginevičienė; Audronė Jakaitienė; Algirdas Utkus; Elliott C R Hall; Ekaterina A Semenova; Liliya B Andryushchenko; Andrey K Larin; Ethan Moreland; Edward V Generozov; Ildus I Ahmetov Journal: Genes (Basel) Date: 2021-09-25 Impact factor: 4.096
Authors: Naoki Kikuchi; Ethan Moreland; Hiroki Homma; Ekaterina A Semenova; Mika Saito; Andrey K Larin; Naoyuki Kobatake; Rinat A Yusupov; Takanobu Okamoto; Koichi Nakazato; Alun G Williams; Edward V Generozov; Ildus I Ahmetov Journal: Genes (Basel) Date: 2021-12-23 Impact factor: 4.096