Denise E Morris1, Hannah McNeil1, Rebecca E Hocknell1, Rebecca Anderson1, Andrew C Tuck1, Serena Tricarico1, Mohd Nor Norazmi2, Victor Lim3, Tan Cheng Siang4, Patricia Kim Chooi Lim3,5, Chong Chun Wie5,6, David W Cleary1,7, Ivan Kok Seng Yap5,8, Stuart C Clarke9,10,11,12. 1. Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. 2. School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. 3. School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 4. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia. 5. Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 6. School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia. 7. NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton Foundation NHS Trust, Southampton, UK. 8. Sarawak Research and Development Council, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. 9. Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. S.C.Clarke@soton.ac.uk. 10. Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. S.C.Clarke@soton.ac.uk. 11. NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton Foundation NHS Trust, Southampton, UK. S.C.Clarke@soton.ac.uk. 12. Global Health Research Institute, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. S.C.Clarke@soton.ac.uk.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Pneumonia is a leading cause of death in Malaysia. Whilst many studies have reported the aetiology of pneumonia in Western countries, the epidemiology of pneumonia in Malaysia remains poorly understood. As carriage is a prerequisite for disease, we sought to improve our understanding of the carriage and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of respiratory tract pathogens in Malaysia. The rural communities of Sarawak are an understudied part of the Malaysian population and were the focus of this study, allowing us to gain a better understanding of bacterial epidemiology in this population. METHODS: A population-based survey of bacterial carriage was undertaken in participants of all ages from rural communities in Sarawak, Malaysia. Nasopharyngeal, nasal, mouth and oropharyngeal swabs were taken. Bacteria were isolated from each swab and identified by culture-based methods and antimicrobial susceptibility testing conducted by disk diffusion or E test. RESULTS: 140 participants were recruited from five rural communities. Klebsiella pneumoniae was most commonly isolated from participants (30.0%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (20.7%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (10.7%), Haemophilus influenzae (9.3%), Moraxella catarrhalis (6.4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.4%) and Neisseria meningitidis (5.0%). Of the 21 S. pneumoniae isolated, 33.3 and 14.3% were serotypes included in the 13 valent PCV (PCV13) and 10 valent PCV (PCV10) respectively. 33.8% of all species were resistant to at least one antibiotic, however all bacterial species except S. pneumoniae were susceptible to at least one type of antibiotic. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first bacterial carriage study undertaken in East Malaysia. We provide valuable and timely data regarding the epidemiology and AMR of respiratory pathogens commonly associated with pneumonia. Further surveillance in Malaysia is necessary to monitor changes in the carriage prevalence of upper respiratory tract pathogens and the emergence of AMR, particularly as PCV is added to the National Immunisation Programme (NIP).
INTRODUCTION:Pneumonia is a leading cause of death in Malaysia. Whilst many studies have reported the aetiology of pneumonia in Western countries, the epidemiology of pneumonia in Malaysia remains poorly understood. As carriage is a prerequisite for disease, we sought to improve our understanding of the carriage and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of respiratory tract pathogens in Malaysia. The rural communities of Sarawak are an understudied part of the Malaysian population and were the focus of this study, allowing us to gain a better understanding of bacterial epidemiology in this population. METHODS: A population-based survey of bacterial carriage was undertaken in participants of all ages from rural communities in Sarawak, Malaysia. Nasopharyngeal, nasal, mouth and oropharyngeal swabs were taken. Bacteria were isolated from each swab and identified by culture-based methods and antimicrobial susceptibility testing conducted by disk diffusion or E test. RESULTS: 140 participants were recruited from five rural communities. Klebsiella pneumoniae was most commonly isolated from participants (30.0%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (20.7%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (10.7%), Haemophilus influenzae (9.3%), Moraxella catarrhalis (6.4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.4%) and Neisseria meningitidis (5.0%). Of the 21 S. pneumoniae isolated, 33.3 and 14.3% were serotypes included in the 13 valent PCV (PCV13) and 10 valent PCV (PCV10) respectively. 33.8% of all species were resistant to at least one antibiotic, however all bacterial species except S. pneumoniae were susceptible to at least one type of antibiotic. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first bacterial carriage study undertaken in East Malaysia. We provide valuable and timely data regarding the epidemiology and AMR of respiratory pathogens commonly associated with pneumonia. Further surveillance in Malaysia is necessary to monitor changes in the carriage prevalence of upper respiratory tract pathogens and the emergence of AMR, particularly as PCV is added to the National Immunisation Programme (NIP).
Authors: Birgit Simell; Kari Auranen; Helena Käyhty; David Goldblatt; Ron Dagan; Katherine L O'Brien Journal: Expert Rev Vaccines Date: 2012-07 Impact factor: 5.217
Authors: Kelly L Wyres; To N T Nguyen; Margaret M C Lam; Louise M Judd; Nguyen van Vinh Chau; David A B Dance; Margaret Ip; Abhilasha Karkey; Clare L Ling; Thyl Miliya; Paul N Newton; Nguyen Phu Huong Lan; Amphone Sengduangphachanh; Paul Turner; Balaji Veeraraghavan; Phat Voong Vinh; Manivanh Vongsouvath; Nicholas R Thomson; Stephen Baker; Kathryn E Holt Journal: Genome Med Date: 2020-01-16 Impact factor: 11.117