Yun Jeong Lee1, Yeon Jin Cho2, You Joung Heo1, Eun-Jae Chung3, Young Hun Choi2, Jong-Il Kim4,5,6, Young Joo Park4,7, Choong Ho Shin1, Young Ah Lee1. 1. Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. 2. Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. 3. Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. 4. Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 5. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 6. Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 7. Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the frequency, risk factors, and the follow-up outcomes of thyroid nodules, and genetic alterations in thyroid cancer, in youth with childhood-onset Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) residing in an iodine-sufficient country. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study. PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS: A total of 213 patients (194 females, mean age 10.6 years at the time of HT diagnosis) were ultrasonographically evaluated. Thyroid nodules were categorized using the Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (K-TIRADS) and the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR-TI-RADS). RESULTS: Thyroid nodules were detected in 40 (18.8%) patients over a median follow-up period of 3.4 years, usually after the onset of puberty. A family history of thyroid disease (hazard ratio 2.1, p = 0.031) was predictive of thyroid nodule detection. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) was diagnosed in 9 (4.2% of all and 22.5% of nodule-positive patients). The malignant nodules had a higher K-TIRADS or ACR-TI-RADS risk level compared with benign nodules (p < 0.01 for both). Genetic alterations were revealed in 7 (BRAFV600E in 6 and RET-ERC1 fusion in 1) of the 8 available tumor tissue samples. None showed evidence of disease over a median follow-up period of 3.4 years. CONCLUSIONS: The nodule detection rate was 18.8%, with a 22.5% risk of malignancy among the detected nodules in childhood-onset HT patients, showing increased risk in those with a family history. Additional large-scale studies are required to evaluate the usefulness of K-TIRADS or ACR-TI-RADS risk level for the differentiation of pediatric thyroid nodules. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the frequency, risk factors, and the follow-up outcomes of thyroid nodules, and genetic alterations in thyroid cancer, in youth with childhood-onset Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) residing in an iodine-sufficient country. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study. PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS: A total of 213 patients (194 females, mean age 10.6 years at the time of HT diagnosis) were ultrasonographically evaluated. Thyroid nodules were categorized using the Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (K-TIRADS) and the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR-TI-RADS). RESULTS: Thyroid nodules were detected in 40 (18.8%) patients over a median follow-up period of 3.4 years, usually after the onset of puberty. A family history of thyroid disease (hazard ratio 2.1, p = 0.031) was predictive of thyroid nodule detection. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) was diagnosed in 9 (4.2% of all and 22.5% of nodule-positive patients). The malignant nodules had a higher K-TIRADS or ACR-TI-RADS risk level compared with benign nodules (p < 0.01 for both). Genetic alterations were revealed in 7 (BRAFV600E in 6 and RET-ERC1 fusion in 1) of the 8 available tumor tissue samples. None showed evidence of disease over a median follow-up period of 3.4 years. CONCLUSIONS: The nodule detection rate was 18.8%, with a 22.5% risk of malignancy among the detected nodules in childhood-onset HT patients, showing increased risk in those with a family history. Additional large-scale studies are required to evaluate the usefulness of K-TIRADS or ACR-TI-RADS risk level for the differentiation of pediatric thyroid nodules. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Authors: Ji Young You; Se-Woong An; Hoon Yub Kim; Da Won Park; Hyung Kwon Byeon; Serena Patroniti; Gianlorenzo Dionigi; Ralph P Tufano Journal: Front Pediatr Date: 2022-04-28 Impact factor: 3.569