Kristin M D'Silva1,2,3, Zachary S Wallace4,5,6. 1. Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Cambridge Street, 16th Floor, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. 2. Clinical Epidemiology Program, Mongan Institute, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. 3. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. 4. Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Cambridge Street, 16th Floor, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. zswallace@mgh.harvard.edu. 5. Clinical Epidemiology Program, Mongan Institute, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. zswallace@mgh.harvard.edu. 6. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. zswallace@mgh.harvard.edu.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Patients on disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) remain concerned about potential risks of severe COVID-19 outcomes. Meanwhile, several DMARDs have been proposed as COVID-19 therapies. RECENT FINDINGS: In patients with autoimmune diseases, baseline glucocorticoid use is associated with severe COVID-19. While classes of DMARDs (e.g., conventional synthetic, targeted synthetic, and biologic) do not appear to be associated with higher risk, specific medications such as rituximab and sulfasalazine may be associated. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) show that glucocorticoids reduce mortality in severe COVID-19. RCTs suggest other agents, such as baricitinib, may improve COVID-19 outcomes in certain populations. Baseline glucocorticoid use raises the risk of severe COVID-19 in patients with autoimmune diseases, but glucocorticoids are an effective treatment for those with severe COVID-19. Further research is needed to inform DMARD management in autoimmune disease patients during the pandemic and the role of DMARDs in COVID-19 treatment.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Patients on disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) remain concerned about potential risks of severe COVID-19 outcomes. Meanwhile, several DMARDs have been proposed as COVID-19 therapies. RECENT FINDINGS: In patients with autoimmune diseases, baseline glucocorticoid use is associated with severe COVID-19. While classes of DMARDs (e.g., conventional synthetic, targeted synthetic, and biologic) do not appear to be associated with higher risk, specific medications such as rituximab and sulfasalazine may be associated. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) show that glucocorticoids reduce mortality in severe COVID-19. RCTs suggest other agents, such as baricitinib, may improve COVID-19 outcomes in certain populations. Baseline glucocorticoid use raises the risk of severe COVID-19 in patients with autoimmune diseases, but glucocorticoids are an effective treatment for those with severe COVID-19. Further research is needed to inform DMARD management in autoimmune diseasepatients during the pandemic and the role of DMARDs in COVID-19 treatment.
Authors: Derek C Angus; Lennie Derde; Farah Al-Beidh; Djillali Annane; Yaseen Arabi; Abigail Beane; Wilma van Bentum-Puijk; Lindsay Berry; Zahra Bhimani; Marc Bonten; Charlotte Bradbury; Frank Brunkhorst; Meredith Buxton; Adrian Buzgau; Allen C Cheng; Menno de Jong; Michelle Detry; Lise Estcourt; Mark Fitzgerald; Herman Goossens; Cameron Green; Rashan Haniffa; Alisa M Higgins; Christopher Horvat; Sebastiaan J Hullegie; Peter Kruger; Francois Lamontagne; Patrick R Lawler; Kelsey Linstrum; Edward Litton; Elizabeth Lorenzi; John Marshall; Daniel McAuley; Anna McGlothin; Shay McGuinness; Bryan McVerry; Stephanie Montgomery; Paul Mouncey; Srinivas Murthy; Alistair Nichol; Rachael Parke; Jane Parker; Kathryn Rowan; Ashish Sanil; Marlene Santos; Christina Saunders; Christopher Seymour; Anne Turner; Frank van de Veerdonk; Balasubramanian Venkatesh; Ryan Zarychanski; Scott Berry; Roger J Lewis; Colin McArthur; Steven A Webb; Anthony C Gordon; Farah Al-Beidh; Derek Angus; Djillali Annane; Yaseen Arabi; Wilma van Bentum-Puijk; Scott Berry; Abigail Beane; Zahra Bhimani; Marc Bonten; Charlotte Bradbury; Frank Brunkhorst; Meredith Buxton; Allen Cheng; Menno De Jong; Lennie Derde; Lise Estcourt; Herman Goossens; Anthony Gordon; Cameron Green; Rashan Haniffa; Francois Lamontagne; Patrick Lawler; Edward Litton; John Marshall; Daniel McAuley; Shay McGuinness; Bryan McVerry; Stephanie Montgomery; Paul Mouncey; Srinivas Murthy; Alistair Nichol; Rachael Parke; Kathryn Rowan; Christopher Seymour; Anne Turner; Frank van de Veerdonk; Steve Webb; Ryan Zarychanski; Lewis Campbell; Andrew Forbes; David Gattas; Stephane Heritier; Lisa Higgins; Peter Kruger; Sandra Peake; Jeffrey Presneill; Ian Seppelt; Tony Trapani; Paul Young; Sean Bagshaw; Nick Daneman; Niall Ferguson; Cheryl Misak; Marlene Santos; Sebastiaan Hullegie; Mathias Pletz; Gernot Rohde; Kathy Rowan; Brian Alexander; Kim Basile; Timothy Girard; Christopher Horvat; David Huang; Kelsey Linstrum; Jennifer Vates; Richard Beasley; Robert Fowler; 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