Autism and the Knowledge and Beliefs of Specialists in Kazakhstan.

In Kazakhstan, the diagnosis of autism relies upon the expertise of various specialists and a range of measures that have not been researched to date. The present study collected data from a range of health specialists across Kazakhstan currently known to be involved in the diagnosis of children with autism. The research was an explanatory mixed methods design; survey followed by interviews. Participants included psychiatrists, pediatric neurologists, general practitioners, and other specialists. Analysis showed a range of beliefs including common misconceptions concerning the etiology and manifestation of autism not aligned with current research knowledge. These beliefs were shown to persist across disciplines and were not restricted to any specific region of the country, or particular profession.