Suspect screening and targeted analysis of acyl coenzyme A thioesters in bacterial cultures using a high-resolution tribrid mass spectrometer.

Analysis of acyl coenzyme A thioesters (acyl-CoAs) is crucial in the investigation of a wide range of biochemical reactions and paves the way to fully understand the concerned metabolic pathways and their superimposed networks. We developed two methods for suspect screening of acyl-CoAs in bacterial cultures using a high-resolution Orbitrap Fusion tribrid mass spectrometer. The methods rely on specific fragmentation patterns of the target compounds, which originate from the coenzyme A moiety. They make use of the formation of the adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate key fragment (m/z 428.0365) and the neutral loss of the adenosine 3'-phosphate-5'-diphosphate moiety (506.9952) as preselection criteria for the detection of acyl-CoAs. These characteristic ions are generated either by an optimised in-source fragmentation in a full scan Orbitrap measurement or by optimised HCD fragmentation. Additionally, five different filters are included in the design of method. Finally, data-dependent MS/MS experiments on specifically preselected precursor ions are performed. The utility of the methods is demonstrated by analysing cultures of the denitrifying betaproteobacterium "Aromatoleum" sp. strain HxN1 anaerobically grown with hexanoate. We detected 35 acyl-CoAs in total and identified 24 of them by comparison with reference standards, including all 9 acyl-CoA intermediates expected to occur in the degradation pathway of hexanoate. The identification of additional acyl-CoAs provides insight into further metabolic processes occurring in this bacterium. The sensitivity of the method described allows detecting acyl-CoAs present in biological samples in highly variable abundances. Graphical abstract.