Yibo Zhang1,2, Yawen Li3, Wei Liao4, Wenzao Peng5, Jianghui Qin2, Dongyang Chen2, Liming Zheng2, Wenjin Yan2, Lan Li2, Zhirui Guo3, Peng Wang2,6, Qing Jiang1,2. 1. Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China. 2. State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China. 3. Lab Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China. 4. Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China. 5. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China. 6. State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Gold nanorods (AuNRs) show great potential for versatile biomedical applications, such as stem cell therapy and bone tissue engineering. However, as an indispensable shape-directing agent for the growth of AuNRs, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) is not optimal for biological studies because it forms a cytotoxic bilayer on the AuNR surface, which interferes with the interactions with biological cells. METHODS: Citrate-stabilized AuNRs with various aspect-ratios (Cit-NRI, Cit-NRII, and Cit-NRIII) were prepared by the combination of end-selective etching and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)-assisted ligand exchange method. Their effects on osteogenic differentiation of the pre-osteoblastic cell line (MC3T3-E1), rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs), and human periodontal ligament progenitor cells (PDLPs) have been investigated. Potential signaling pathway of citrate-stabilized AuNRs-induced osteogenic effects was also investigated. RESULTS: The experimental results showed that citrate-stabilized AuNRs have superior biocompatibility and undergo aspect-ratio-dependent osteogenic differentiation via expression of osteogenic marker genes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and formation of mineralized nodule. Furthermore, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway might provide a potential explanation for the citrate-stabilized AuNRs-mediated osteogenic differentiation. CONCLUSION: These findings revealed that citrate-stabilized AuNRs with great biocompatibility could regulate the osteogenic differentiation of multiple cell types through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which promote innovative AuNRs in the field of tissue engineering and other biomedical applications.
OBJECTIVE: Gold nanorods (AuNRs) show great potential for versatile biomedical applications, such as stem cell therapy and bone tissue engineering. However, as an indispensable shape-directing agent for the growth of AuNRs, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) is not optimal for biological studies because it forms a cytotoxic bilayer on the AuNR surface, which interferes with the interactions with biological cells. METHODS: Citrate-stabilized AuNRs with various aspect-ratios (Cit-NRI, Cit-NRII, and Cit-NRIII) were prepared by the combination of end-selective etching and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)-assisted ligand exchange method. Their effects on osteogenic differentiation of the pre-osteoblastic cell line (MC3T3-E1), rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs), and human periodontal ligament progenitor cells (PDLPs) have been investigated. Potential signaling pathway of citrate-stabilized AuNRs-induced osteogenic effects was also investigated. RESULTS: The experimental results showed that citrate-stabilized AuNRs have superior biocompatibility and undergo aspect-ratio-dependent osteogenic differentiation via expression of osteogenic marker genes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and formation of mineralized nodule. Furthermore, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway might provide a potential explanation for the citrate-stabilized AuNRs-mediated osteogenic differentiation. CONCLUSION: These findings revealed that citrate-stabilized AuNRs with great biocompatibility could regulate the osteogenic differentiation of multiple cell types through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which promote innovative AuNRs in the field of tissue engineering and other biomedical applications.
Authors: Jonathan G Mehtala; Dmitry Y Zemlyanov; Joann P Max; Naveen Kadasala; Shou Zhao; Alexander Wei Journal: Langmuir Date: 2014-11-07 Impact factor: 3.882