Lawrence Mbuagbaw1,2,3, Clémence Ongolo-Zogo4,5,6, Olivia C Mendoza7, Babalwa Zani8, Frederick Morfaw4,9, Agatha Nyambi10, Annie Wang4, Michel Kiflen4,11, Hussein El-Kechen4, Alvin Leenus4, Mark Youssef12, Nadia Rehman4, Lucas Hermans13,14, Virginia MacDonald15, Silvia Bertagnolio15. 1. Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. mbuagblc@mcmaster.ca. 2. Biostatistics Unit, Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Centre, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada. mbuagblc@mcmaster.ca. 3. Centre for Development of Best Practices in Health (CDBPH), Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon. mbuagblc@mcmaster.ca. 4. Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. 5. Centre for Development of Best Practices in Health (CDBPH), Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon. 6. McMaster Health Forum, Hamilton, ON, Canada. 7. Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. 8. Knowledge Translation Unit, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa. 9. Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. 10. Ontario HIV Treatment Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. 11. Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada. 12. School of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. 13. Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 14. Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. 15. Department of HIV, Hepatitis, and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The expansion of access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been accompanied by an increase in pre-treatment drug resistance (PDR). While it is critical to monitor the increasing prevalence of PDR across countries and populations to inform optimal regimen selection, the completeness of reporting is often suboptimal, limiting the interpretation and generalizability of the results. Indeed, there is no formal guidance on how studies investigating the prevalence of drug resistance should be reported. Thus, we sought to determine the completeness of reporting in studies of PDR and the factors associated with sub-optimal reporting to ascertain the need for guidelines. METHODS: As part of a systematic review on the global prevalence of PDR in key populations (men who have sex with men, sex workers, transgender people, people who inject drugs and people in prisons), we searched 10 electronic databases until January 2019. We extracted information on selected study characteristics useful for interpreting prevalence data. Data were extracted in duplicate. Analyses of variance and correlation were used to explore factors that may explain the number of items reported. RESULTS: We found 650 studies of which 387 were screened as full text and 234 were deemed eligible. The included studies were published between 1997 and 2019 and included a median of 239 (quartile 1 = 101; quartile 3 = 778) participants. Most studies originated from high-income countries (125/234; 53.0%). Of 23 relevant data items, including study design, setting, participant sociodemographic characteristics, HIV risk factors, type of resistance test conducted, definition of resistance, the mean (standard deviation) number of items reported was 13 (2.2). We found that more items were reported in studies published more recently (r = 0.20; p < 0.002) and in studies at low risk of bias (F [2231] = 8.142; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Incomplete reporting in studies on PDR makes characterising levels of PDR in subpopulations across countries challenging. Hence, guidelines are needed to define a minimum set of variables to be included in such studies.
BACKGROUND: The expansion of access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been accompanied by an increase in pre-treatment drug resistance (PDR). While it is critical to monitor the increasing prevalence of PDR across countries and populations to inform optimal regimen selection, the completeness of reporting is often suboptimal, limiting the interpretation and generalizability of the results. Indeed, there is no formal guidance on how studies investigating the prevalence of drug resistance should be reported. Thus, we sought to determine the completeness of reporting in studies of PDR and the factors associated with sub-optimal reporting to ascertain the need for guidelines. METHODS: As part of a systematic review on the global prevalence of PDR in key populations (men who have sex with men, sex workers, transgender people, people who inject drugs and people in prisons), we searched 10 electronic databases until January 2019. We extracted information on selected study characteristics useful for interpreting prevalence data. Data were extracted in duplicate. Analyses of variance and correlation were used to explore factors that may explain the number of items reported. RESULTS: We found 650 studies of which 387 were screened as full text and 234 were deemed eligible. The included studies were published between 1997 and 2019 and included a median of 239 (quartile 1 = 101; quartile 3 = 778) participants. Most studies originated from high-income countries (125/234; 53.0%). Of 23 relevant data items, including study design, setting, participant sociodemographic characteristics, HIV risk factors, type of resistance test conducted, definition of resistance, the mean (standard deviation) number of items reported was 13 (2.2). We found that more items were reported in studies published more recently (r = 0.20; p < 0.002) and in studies at low risk of bias (F [2231] = 8.142; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Incomplete reporting in studies on PDR makes characterising levels of PDR in subpopulations across countries challenging. Hence, guidelines are needed to define a minimum set of variables to be included in such studies.
Entities:
Keywords:
Guidelines; HIV; Pre-treatment drug resistance; Reporting
Authors: Richard M Novak; Li Chen; Rodger D MacArthur; John D Baxter; Kathy Huppler Hullsiek; Grace Peng; Ying Xiang; Christopher Henely; Barry Schmetter; Jonathan Uy; Mary van den Berg-Wolf; Michael Kozal Journal: Clin Infect Dis Date: 2005-01-10 Impact factor: 9.079
Authors: Gayatri C Jayaraman; Chris P Archibald; John Kim; Michael L Rekart; Ameeta E Singh; Sonia Harmen; Michelyn Wood; Paul Sandstrom Journal: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Date: 2006-05 Impact factor: 3.731
Authors: Ravindra K Gupta; Michael R Jordan; Binta J Sultan; Andrew Hill; Daniel H J Davis; John Gregson; Anthony W Sawyer; Raph L Hamers; Nicaise Ndembi; Deenan Pillay; Silvia Bertagnolio Journal: Lancet Date: 2012-07-23 Impact factor: 79.321
Authors: Huldrych F Günthard; Vincent Calvez; Roger Paredes; Deenan Pillay; Robert W Shafer; Annemarie M Wensing; Donna M Jacobsen; Douglas D Richman Journal: Clin Infect Dis Date: 2019-01-07 Impact factor: 9.079
Authors: Virginia Macdonald; Lawrence Mbuagbaw; Michael R Jordan; Bradley Mathers; Sharon Jay; Rachel Baggaley; Annette Verster; Silvia Bertagnolio Journal: J Int AIDS Soc Date: 2020-12 Impact factor: 5.396
Authors: Lawrence Mbuagbaw; Daeria O Lawson; Livia Puljak; David B Allison; Lehana Thabane Journal: BMC Med Res Methodol Date: 2020-09-07 Impact factor: 4.615