Flavia R F Teles1,2, Michael C Lynch3, Michele Patel4, Gay Torresyap4, Lynn Martin1. 1. Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. 2. Center for Innovation and Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. 3. Johnson and Johnson Consumer Inc., Skillman, NJ. 4. Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Despite widespread use, the impact of minocycline hydrochloride microspheres on the shifts of oral bacterial species resistant to minocycline remains unknown. This study aimed at examining the percentage and taxonomy of minocycline-resistant isolates in saliva and subgingival plaque samples before and after minocycline microspheres application in periodontitis patients during maintenance. METHODS: Patients received supra- and sub-gingival debridement with (test) or without (control) minocycline microspheres application to sites with probing depth >4 mm and were clinically monitored at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months. Samples were collected at baseline, 1 and 6 months and analyzed via cultivation with or without 4 μg/mL minocycline. Percentage of resistant strains was determined by colony counting and taxonomy by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Significant clinical changes were sought with the Mann-Whitney test and differences in percentage of resistant isolates with the Friedman and Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS: Groups showed similar clinical improvements. Mean percentage of resistant isolates rose at 1 month and decreased at 6 months in saliva and plaque samples in test group (P <0.05) but remained unchanged in control group. Percentage of resistant isolates of Gemella morbillorum and Eubacterium saburreum increased significantly at 6 months in both groups. Antibiotic resistance by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, and Porphyromonas gingivalis was either absent or infrequent. CONCLUSION: Minocycline microspheres result in transient selection of minocycline resistant species in saliva and subgingival plaque samples.
BACKGROUND: Despite widespread use, the impact of minocycline hydrochloride microspheres on the shifts of oral bacterial species resistant to minocycline remains unknown. This study aimed at examining the percentage and taxonomy of minocycline-resistant isolates in saliva and subgingival plaque samples before and after minocycline microspheres application in periodontitis patients during maintenance. METHODS: Patients received supra- and sub-gingival debridement with (test) or without (control) minocycline microspheres application to sites with probing depth >4 mm and were clinically monitored at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months. Samples were collected at baseline, 1 and 6 months and analyzed via cultivation with or without 4 μg/mL minocycline. Percentage of resistant strains was determined by colony counting and taxonomy by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Significant clinical changes were sought with the Mann-Whitney test and differences in percentage of resistant isolates with the Friedman and Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS: Groups showed similar clinical improvements. Mean percentage of resistant isolates rose at 1 month and decreased at 6 months in saliva and plaque samples in test group (P <0.05) but remained unchanged in control group. Percentage of resistant isolates of Gemella morbillorum and Eubacterium saburreum increased significantly at 6 months in both groups. Antibiotic resistance by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, and Porphyromonas gingivalis was either absent or infrequent. CONCLUSION: Minocycline microspheres result in transient selection of minocycline resistant species in saliva and subgingival plaque samples.