Periodontal Health Status of Children and Adolescents with Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disease characterised by hyperglycaemia resulted from defects in insulin secretion or action, or both. Various studies have reported on the bidirectional relationship between DM and periodontal disease. A systematic search of the literature was performed in several databases, EBSCO Medline Complete, PubMed, Science Direct and a manual search for articles from 2000 until 2019. Literature that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were identified, and data measuring plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), clinical attachment loss (CAL), periodontal probing depth (PPD) were extracted and subjected to Random-effects meta-analysis. From 947 titles and abstracts screened, 11 articles were included for meta-analysis. It was found that PI, GI, CAL, PPD were significantly higher in DM children than in non-DM children according to the Standardised Mean different (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) (SMD 0.54, 95% CI 0.20-0.87, p = 0.002; SMD 0.63, 95% CI 0.39-0.87, p < 0.001; SMD 0.79, 95% CI 0.52-1.05, p < 0.001, SMD 0.67, 95% CI 0.23-1.11, p = 0.003, respectively). The meta-analysis showed significant differences in PI, GI, PD, CAL between the two groups, favoring non-DM children. Therefore, early detection of DM children with periodontal disease is crucial to prevent periodontal disease. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.