Quantum phase transitions mediated by clustered non-Hermitian degeneracies.

The phenomenon of degeneracy of an N-plet of bound states is studied in the framework of the quasi-Hermitian (a.k.a. PT-symmetric) formulation of quantum theory of closed systems. For a general non-Hermitian Hamiltonian H=H(λ) such a degeneracy may occur at a real Kato's exceptional point λ^{(EPN)} of order N and of the geometric multiplicity alias  clusterization index K. The corresponding unitary process of collapse (loss of observability) can be then interpreted as a generic quantum phase transition. The dedicated literature deals, predominantly, with the non-numerical benchmark models of the simplest processes where K=1. In our present paper it is shown that in the "anomalous" dynamical scenarios with 1<K≤N/2 an analogous approach is applicable. A multiparametric anharmonic-oscillator-type exemplification of such systems is constructed as a set of real-matrix N by N Hamiltonians which are exactly solvable, maximally non-Hermitian, and labeled by specific ad hoc  partitionings R(N) of N.