Diego F Salazar-Tortosa1,2,3, José M Pascual-Gamarra4,5, Idoia Labayen6, Azahara I Rupérez7,8,9, Laura Censi10, Laurent Béghin11, Nathalie Michels12, Marcela González-Gross13,14, Yannis Manios15, Christina-Paulina Lambrinou15, Luis A Moreno7,8,9,14,16, Aline Meirhaeghe17, Manuel J Castillo5, Jonatan R Ruiz4,18,19. 1. PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' research group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain. dftortosa@email.arizona.edu. 2. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. dftortosa@email.arizona.edu. 3. Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. dftortosa@email.arizona.edu. 4. PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' research group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain. 5. Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. 6. Department of Health Sciences, Institute for Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Navarra's Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. 7. Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain. 8. Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain. 9. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain. 10. Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy. 11. Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, CIC 1403-Clinique Investigation Center and U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France. 12. Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. 13. Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 14. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. 15. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece. 16. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain. 17. Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging-related diseases, Lille, France. 18. Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. 19. Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of endothelial lipase gene (LIPG) polymorphisms with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in adolescents and their interaction with physical activity. METHODS: Six polymorphisms of LIPG were genotyped in 1057 European adolescents (12-18 years old) enrolled in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) Study. CVD risk factors related to lipid profile, blood pressure, adiposity and glucose regulation were recorded. Physical activity was objectively measured by accelerometry. RESULTS: The major C allele of rs2000813, the minor T allele of rs2276269 and the minor G allele of rs9951026 were associated with lower levels of several CVD risk factors related to lipid profile. We also found a significant association of the TTACA LIPG haplotype (rs2000812, rs2000813, rs8093249, rs2276269 and rs9951026) with higher concentrations of low-density cholesterol and apolipoprotein B. Finally, the interaction between physical activity and the polymorphisms rs2000813, rs2276269 and rs9951026 had a significant influence on several CVD risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: LIPG polymorphisms were significantly associated with CVD risk factors in European adolescents. Interestingly, alleles of these polymorphisms were associated with a better cardiovascular profile in physically active adolescents only. High physical activity may reduce the development of CVD, modulating its genetic risk. IMPACT: Using gene-phenotype and gene × environment analyses, we detected associations between the endothelial lipase gene and cardiovascular risk factors, along with interactions with physical activity. This study shows that physical activity may modulate the influence of LIPG gene on cardiovascular risk in adolescents. These results bring insights into the mechanisms by which physical activity positively influences CVD in adolescents.
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of endothelial lipase gene (LIPG) polymorphisms with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in adolescents and their interaction with physical activity. METHODS: Six polymorphisms of LIPG were genotyped in 1057 European adolescents (12-18 years old) enrolled in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) Study. CVD risk factors related to lipid profile, blood pressure, adiposity and glucose regulation were recorded. Physical activity was objectively measured by accelerometry. RESULTS: The major C allele of rs2000813, the minor T allele of rs2276269 and the minor G allele of rs9951026 were associated with lower levels of several CVD risk factors related to lipid profile. We also found a significant association of the TTACA LIPG haplotype (rs2000812, rs2000813, rs8093249, rs2276269 and rs9951026) with higher concentrations of low-density cholesterol and apolipoprotein B. Finally, the interaction between physical activity and the polymorphisms rs2000813, rs2276269 and rs9951026 had a significant influence on several CVD risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: LIPG polymorphisms were significantly associated with CVD risk factors in European adolescents. Interestingly, alleles of these polymorphisms were associated with a better cardiovascular profile in physically active adolescents only. High physical activity may reduce the development of CVD, modulating its genetic risk. IMPACT: Using gene-phenotype and gene × environment analyses, we detected associations between the endothelial lipase gene and cardiovascular risk factors, along with interactions with physical activity. This study shows that physical activity may modulate the influence of LIPG gene on cardiovascular risk in adolescents. These results bring insights into the mechanisms by which physical activity positively influences CVD in adolescents.
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