David C Call1, Mamatha Challa2,3, Cynthia J Telingator4,5. 1. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA. 2. Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, USA. 3. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. 4. Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, USA. cindy_telingator@hms.harvard.edu. 5. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. cindy_telingator@hms.harvard.edu.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This paper reviews the evolving body of research on the mental health of transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth. Minority stress experiences in families, schools, and the community impact the health and well-being of this population due to experiences of stigma, discrimination, and rejection. Poor healthcare access and outcomes may be compounded in youth with intersectional identities. RECENT FINDINGS: There is increasing evidence that gender-affirming interventions improve mental health outcomes for TGD youth. TGD youth report worse mental health outcomes in invalidating school and family environments and improved outcomes in affirming climates. TGD youth experience significant healthcare disparities, and intersectional clinical approaches are needed to increase access to affirmative care. Providers can best support TGD youth by considering ways they can affirm these youth in their healthcare settings, and helping them access support in schools, family systems, and communities. Understanding the intersection of multiple minority identities can help providers address potential barriers to care to mitigate the health disparities seen in this population.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This paper reviews the evolving body of research on the mental health of transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth. Minority stress experiences in families, schools, and the community impact the health and well-being of this population due to experiences of stigma, discrimination, and rejection. Poor healthcare access and outcomes may be compounded in youth with intersectional identities. RECENT FINDINGS: There is increasing evidence that gender-affirming interventions improve mental health outcomes for TGD youth. TGD youth report worse mental health outcomes in invalidating school and family environments and improved outcomes in affirming climates. TGD youth experience significant healthcare disparities, and intersectional clinical approaches are needed to increase access to affirmative care. Providers can best support TGD youth by considering ways they can affirm these youth in their healthcare settings, and helping them access support in schools, family systems, and communities. Understanding the intersection of multiple minority identities can help providers address potential barriers to care to mitigate the health disparities seen in this population.
Authors: Christina Richards; Walter Pierre Bouman; Leighton Seal; Meg John Barker; Timo O Nieder; Guy T'Sjoen Journal: Int Rev Psychiatry Date: 2016-01-12
Authors: Madison Aitken; Thomas D Steensma; Ray Blanchard; Doug P VanderLaan; Hayley Wood; Amanda Fuentes; Cathy Spegg; Lori Wasserman; Megan Ames; C Lindsay Fitzsimmons; Jonathan H Leef; Victoria Lishak; Elyse Reim; Anna Takagi; Julia Vinik; Julia Wreford; Peggy T Cohen-Kettenis; Annelou L C de Vries; Baudewijntje P C Kreukels; Kenneth J Zucker Journal: J Sex Med Date: 2015-01-22 Impact factor: 3.802
Authors: Norman P Spack; Laura Edwards-Leeper; Henry A Feldman; Scott Leibowitz; Francie Mandel; David A Diamond; Stanley R Vance Journal: Pediatrics Date: 2012-02-20 Impact factor: 7.124
Authors: Michelle M Johns; Richard Lowry; Jack Andrzejewski; Lisa C Barrios; Zewditu Demissie; Timothy McManus; Catherine N Rasberry; Leah Robin; J Michael Underwood Journal: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Date: 2019-01-25 Impact factor: 17.586